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Electromuscular Incapacitation Current Induced Neuromuscular Tissue Injury.
Bioelectromagnetics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 , DOI: 10.1002/bem.22293
Michelle X Ling 1 , Colin A McFaul 1 , Martha Meng 1 , Raphael C Lee 1
Affiliation  

Electrical stun devices (ESDs) serve a basic role in law enforcement and provide an alternative to lethal options for target control by causing electromuscular incapacitation (EMI). A fundamental concern is the adverse health consequences associated with their use. The capability of EMI electric field pulses to disrupt skeletal muscle cells (i.e. rhabdomyolysis) was investigated over the operational range commonly used in commercial EMI devices. Functional and structural alteration and recovery of muscle and nerve tissue were assessed. In an anesthetized swine model, the left thigh was exposed to 2 min of electrical pulses, using a commercially available ESD or a custom‐made EMI signal power amplifier. Serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), troponin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were monitored intermittently for 6 h post‐EMI exposure. A standard external cardiac defibrillator served as a positive control. Muscle and nerve tissue histology adjacent to the EMI contacts were examined. Post‐EMI shock skeletal muscle function was evaluated by analyzing the compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of the rectus femoris muscle. Maximal energy cardiac defibrillator pulses resulted in rhabdomyolysis and marked elevation of CPK, LDH, and AST 6 h post‐shock. EMI field pulses resulted in the animals developing transient acidosis. CMAP amplitudes decreased approximately 50% after EMI and recovered to near‐normal levels within 6 h. Within 6 h post‐EMI exposure, blood CPK was mildly increased, LDH was normal, and no arrhythmia was observed. Minimal rhabdomyolysis was produced by the EMI pulses. These results suggest that EMI exposure is unlikely to cause extremity rhabdomyolysis in normal individuals. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society

中文翻译:

电肌无能电流引起神经肌肉组织损伤。

电击设备(ESD)在执法中起着基本作用,并通过引起电肌无能(EMI)为目标控制提供了致命选择的替代方法。一个基本问题是使用它们会给健康带来不利影响。在商业EMI设备通常使用的工作范围内,研究了EMI电场脉冲破坏骨骼肌细胞(即横纹肌溶解)的能力。评估肌肉和神经组织的功能和结构改变以及恢复。在麻醉的猪模型中,使用市售的ESD或定制的EMI信号功率放大器将左大腿暴露于2分钟的电脉冲中。血清肌酐磷酸激酶(CPK),肌钙蛋白,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),在EMI暴露后的6小时内,间歇性监测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平。标准的体外心脏除颤器作为阳性对照。检查了与EMI接触点相邻的肌肉和神经组织的组织学。EMI后休克骨骼肌功能通过分析股直肌的复合动作电位(CMAP)进行评估。休克后6小时,最大能量心脏除颤器脉冲导致横纹肌溶解和CPK,LDH和AST明显升高。EMI场脉冲导致动物发展为短暂性酸中毒。EMI后,CMAP振幅下降了约50%,并在6小时内恢复到接近正常水平。EMI暴露后6小时内,血液CPK轻度升高,LDH正常,未观察到心律不齐。EMI脉冲产生最小的横纹肌溶解。这些结果表明,EMI暴露在正常个体中不太可能导致四肢横纹肌溶解。生物电磁学。©2020生物电磁学会
更新日期:2020-09-10
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