Bacterial resistance toward antibiotics is a world‐wide problem, and one potential solution to fight against the resistance is to develop multi‐mechanism antimicrobial agents to achieve synergistic performance. Titanium carbide (MXene) is an emerging 2D nanomaterial with antimicrobial ability to physically damage bacterial membrane and chemically induce oxidative stress, and it can be further conjugated with nanomaterials to improve its antibacterial performance. Herein, a synergistic antimicrobial agent is developed through conjugation of the ultra‐small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) on MXene nanosheets. The conjugated AuNCs are effectively delivered into bacteria after bacterial membrane damage caused by MXene, generating localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) of high concentration to effectively oxidize bacterial membrane lipid for enhanced membrane broken, as well as bacterial DNA for violent fragmentation. Thus, the synergistic physical (via MXene) and chemical (via MXene and AuNCs) antimicrobial mechanisms lead to eventual bacterial death of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, with low IC₅₀ values of 11.7 µg mL⁻¹ of MXene and 0.04 µm of AuNCs. Moreover, the crumpled MXene‐AuNCs structure is constructed to inhibit biofilm formation, which hold synergistic antibacterial ability of MXene‐AuNCs conjugation, hydrophobic surface to prevent bacterial attachment, and large surface area containing higher density of bactericides.

中文翻译：

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与金纳米簇共轭的协同抗菌碳化钛（MXene）。

细菌对抗生素的抗药性是一个世界性的问题，与抗药性作斗争的一种潜在解决方案是开发多机制抗微生物剂以实现协同性能。碳化钛（MXene）是一种新兴的2D纳米材料，具有抗菌能力，可以物理损坏细菌膜并化学诱导氧化应激，可以进一步与纳米材料结合以提高其抗菌性能。本文通过在MXene纳米片上缀合超小金纳米团簇（AuNCs），开发了一种协同抗菌剂。在由MXene引起的细菌膜损伤后，结合的AuNCs可有效地传递到细菌中，产生高浓度的局部活性氧（ROS），以有效氧化细菌膜脂质以增强膜断裂，以及细菌DNA剧烈断裂。因此，协同的物理（通过MXene）和化学（通过MXene和AuNCs）抗菌机制导致革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌最终细菌死亡，IC低_50个值的11.7 µg mL ^-1的MXene和0.04 µm的AuNCs。此外，皱缩的MXene-AuNCs结构可抑制生物膜的形成，该结构具有MXene-AuNCs结合的协同抗菌能力，疏水表面可防止细菌附着，并具有较大表面积的杀菌剂。