Abstract Using continuous data from ground-based Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) receivers in Java and Sumatra, Indonesia, we studied the response of ionospheric total ionospheric electron content (TEC) to the 2010 Nov.5 eruption of the Merapi volcano in central Java. We then compared the results with the case of the 2014 Feb.13 eruption of the Kelud volcano, eastern Java. The TEC showed a quasi-periodic oscillation of a frequency ~4 mHz with average amplitudes of 0.9 and 1.8% relative to background values lasting for ~20 and ~ 120 min for the Merapi and Kelud eruptions, respectively. By comparing the two cases, together with the 2015 April eruption of the Calbuco volcano, Chile, we found the relative TEC oscillation amplitude may scale with the mass eruption rate. This suggests that the product of such TEC oscillation amplitude and the duration provides a new measure for the total volume of the volcanic deposits.

中文翻译：

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印度尼西亚默拉皮火山 2010 年喷发的谐波电离层振荡及其振幅与大规模喷发率的相关性

摘要 利用来自印度尼西亚爪哇和苏门答腊的地面全球卫星导航系统 (GNSS) 接收器的连续数据，我们研究了电离层总电离层电子含量 (TEC) 对 2010 年 11 月 5 日中爪哇默拉皮火山喷发的响应. 然后，我们将结果与 2014 年 2 月 13 日爪哇东部克卢德火山喷发的情况进行了比较。TEC 显示出频率为 ~4 mHz 的准周期性振荡，平均振幅为 0.9% 和 1.8%，相对于默拉皮和克卢德喷发的背景值分别持续 ~20 和 ~120 分钟。通过比较这两种情况，再加上 2015 年 4 月智利卡尔布科火山的喷发，我们发现相对 TEC 振荡幅度可能与大规模喷发率成比例。