To respond to the increasing need for bone repair strategies, various types of biomaterials have been developed. Among those, calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are promising since they possess a chemical composition similar to that of bones. To be suitable for implants, CaP ceramics need to fulfill a number of biological and mechanical requirements. Fatigue resistance and toughness are two key mechanical properties that are still challenging to obtain in CaP ceramics. This paper thus reviews and discusses current progress in the processing of CaP ceramics with bioinspired microstructures for load-bearing applications. First, methods to obtain CaP ceramics with bioinspired structure at individual lengthscales, namely nano-, micro-, and macroscale are discussed. Then, approaches to attain synergistic contribution of all lengthscales through complex and biomimetic hierarchical structures are reviewed. The processing methods and their design capabilities are presented and the mechanical properties of the materials they can produce are analyzed. Their limitations and challenges are finally discussed to suggest new directions for the fabrication of biomimetic bone implants with satisfactory properties. The paper could help biomedical researchers, materials scientists and engineers join forces to create the next generation of bone implants.

为了响应对骨修复策略的日益增长的需求，已经开发了各种类型的生物材料。其中，磷酸钙（CaP）陶瓷具有与骨骼相似的化学组成，因此前景广阔。为了适合植入物，CaP陶瓷需要满足许多生物学和机械要求。抗疲劳性和韧性是在CaP陶瓷中仍难以挑战的两个关键机械性能。因此，本文回顾并讨论了具有承重应用的具有生物启发性微结构的CaP陶瓷加工的最新进展。首先，讨论了在单个长度尺度（即纳米，微米和宏观尺度）上获得具有生物启发结构的CaP陶瓷的方法。然后，通过复杂和仿生层次结构获得所有长度尺度的协同贡献的方法进行了综述。介绍了加工方法及其设计能力，并分析了可以生产的材料的机械性能。最后讨论了它们的局限性和挑战，以为制造具有令人满意特性的仿生骨植入物提供新的方向。该论文可以帮助生物医学研究人员，材料科学家和工程师共同创造下一代骨植入物。最后讨论了它们的局限性和挑战，以为制造具有令人满意特性的仿生骨植入物提供新的方向。该论文可以帮助生物医学研究人员，材料科学家和工程师共同创造下一代骨植入物。最后讨论了它们的局限性和挑战，以为制造具有令人满意特性的仿生骨植入物提供新的方向。该论文可以帮助生物医学研究人员，材料科学家和工程师共同创造下一代骨植入物。