Abstract Birds and mammals are key elements of modern ecosystems, and many biologists explain their great success by their endothermy, or warm-bloodedness. New palaeontological discoveries point to the origins of endothermy in the Triassic, and that birds (archosaurs) and mammals (synapsids) likely acquired endothermy in parallel. Here, a further case is made, that the emergence of endothermy in a stepwise manner began in the Late Permian but accelerated in the Early Triassic. The trigger was the profound destruction wrought by the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME). In the oceans, this was the beginning of the Mesozoic Marine Revolution (MMR), and a similar revolution occurred on land, termed here the Triassic Terrestrial Revolution (TTR). Among tetrapods, both synapsids and archosaurs survived into the Triassic, but numbers were heavily depleted. However, the survivors were marked by the acquisition of endothermy, as shown by bone histology, isotopic analyses, and the acquisition of insulating pelage. Both groups before the PTME had been sprawlers; after the event they adopted parasagittal (erect) gait. The new posture and the new physiology enabled both groups to compete in their ecosystems at a faster rate than before the PTME. The new world of the Triassic was characterised by a fast-paced arms race between synapsids and archosauromorphs in which the latter, as both dinosaurs and pterosaurs, initially prevailed.

中文翻译：

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三叠纪突触类、主龙类和军备竞赛的吸热起源

摘要 鸟类和哺乳动物是现代生态系统的关键元素，许多生物学家通过它们的吸热性或温血性来解释它们的巨大成功。新的古生物学发现指出了三叠纪吸热的起源，鸟类（主龙类）和哺乳动物（突触类）很可能同时获得了吸热。在这里，提出了另一个案例，即吸热的出现以逐步的方式开始于晚二叠世，但在早三叠世加速。触发因素是二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝（PTME）造成的深刻破坏。在海洋中，这是中生代海洋革命 (MMR) 的开始，陆地上也发生了类似的革命，这里称为三叠纪陆地革命 (TTR)。在四足动物中，联足类和主龙类都存活到了三叠纪，但数量已严重枯竭。然而，如骨骼组织学、同位素分析和绝缘皮毛的获得所示，幸存者的特点是获得了吸热。在 PTME 之前，这两个群体都是散漫的；活动结束后，他们采用了旁矢状（直立）步态。新的姿势和新的生理机能使这两个群体能够以比 PTME 之前更快的速度在他们的生态系统中竞争。三叠纪的新世界的特点是突触类和原龙形类之间的快节奏军备竞赛，其中后者，作为恐龙和翼龙，最初占了上风。活动结束后，他们采用了旁矢状（直立）步态。新的姿势和新的生理机能使这两个群体能够以比 PTME 之前更快的速度在他们的生态系统中竞争。三叠纪的新世界的特点是突触类和原龙形类之间的快节奏军备竞赛，其中后者，作为恐龙和翼龙，最初占了上风。活动结束后，他们采用了旁矢状（直立）步态。新的姿势和新的生理机能使这两个群体能够以比 PTME 之前更快的速度在他们的生态系统中竞争。三叠纪的新世界的特点是突触类和原龙形类之间的快节奏军备竞赛，其中后者，作为恐龙和翼龙，最初占了上风。