Multimedia transport over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been a challenging task due to the limited available resources of such networks. The capability of Multipath routing to balance and distribute the load of a given flow on different disjoint non correlated paths is a viable solution to ensure the required high throughput. Moreover, operating the WSN under a duty-cycle mode reinforces the challenge as nodes become subject to frequent alternation between the active and inactive states in the quest to prolong the network life and minimize the energy consumption. In this context, we propose a cross-layer multi-path routing approach taking into account diverse contextual information in order to establish non-correlated and node-disjoint paths able to concurrently transport multimedia content from sources to the sink. The approach relies on a tight cooperation between the routing and MAC layers in order to appropriately adjust and regulate the wake-up scheduling of involved nodes in the forwarding phase. It incorporates a continuous observation of local contextual data to improve the routing process. Independently of the initial duty-cycle scheduling, the conducted mathematical analysis proves that our adjustment rules provide a maximal overlapping interval between the activity periods of the involved nodes. We compare our approach against the single path option and FMRP, a multipath routing protocol designed for always-on WSNs using non-correlated paths. Simulation results showed significant improvements in terms of latency and throughput. The proposed approach attains 27% energy conservation, and it enhances the delay and goodput by 50% over the single path option and up to 90% over the FMRP.

由于无线传感器网络的可用资源有限，因此通过无线传感器网络（WSN）进行多媒体传输一直是一项艰巨的任务。多路径路由在不同的不相交的不相关路径上平衡和分配给定流负载的能力是确保所需高吞吐量的可行解决方案。此外，在工作循环模式下运行WSN加剧了挑战，因为节点变得频繁地处于活动状态和非活动状态之间，以寻求延长网络寿命并最小化能耗。在这种情况下，我们提出了一种跨层多路径路由方法，该方法考虑了各种上下文信息，以便建立能够将多媒体内容从源并发传输到接收器的不相关且节点不相交的路径。该方法依赖于路由和MAC层之间的紧密合作，以便在转发阶段适当地调整和调节所涉及节点的唤醒调度。它包含对本地上下文数据的连续观察，以改善路由过程。独立于初始占空比调度，进行的数学分析证明，我们的调整规则提供了所涉及节点的活动周期之间的最大重叠间隔。我们将我们的方法与单路径选项和FMRP（一种使用非相关路径为永远在线的WSN设计的多路径路由协议）进行了比较。仿真结果显示出在延迟和吞吐量方面的显着改善。拟议的方法可实现27％的节能，