Although migraine is generally considered an idiopathic and isolated neurological condition, it may also represent the presenting symptom of several uncommon heritable and acquired neurological diseases contributing to the recognition of such conditions. Migraine may indeed present with atypical characteristics or prolonged duration and may be associated with specific neuroradiological findings that may help in identifying the underlying condition. However, features of migraine in rare diseases are usually little known because of the lack of systematic studies. The aim of this paper is to provide clinicians with an updated review on specific clinical and neuroradiological features of migraine in uncommon neurological diseases that may be helpful to their diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the early diagnosis of these uncommon diseases is crucial for patients’ clinical management and for the implementation of therapeutic approaches aimed at targeting the underlying disease pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, when investigating patients affected by migraine, physicians should always be aware about rare causes of migraine that if misdiagnosed could seriously impact patients’ outcome. Given these relevant implications, future studies specifically assessing features of migraine in uncommon diseases are mandatory.

尽管偏头痛通常被认为是特发性和孤立性神经系统疾病，但它也可能代表几种罕见的遗传性和获得性神经系统疾病的症状，这些症状有助于人们认识到这种症状。偏头痛的确可能具有非典型特征或持续时间延长，并且可能与特定的神经放射学发现有关，这可能有助于识别潜在的疾病。但是，由于缺乏系统的研究，通常很少了解偏头痛在罕见疾病中的特征。本文的目的是为临床医生提供有关偏头痛在罕见神经疾病中的特定临床和神经放射学特征的最新综述，这可能有助于他们的诊断和治疗。因此，这些罕见疾病的早期诊断对于患者的临床管理以及旨在针对潜在疾病致病机制的治疗方法的实施至关重要。因此，在调查偏头痛患者时，医生应始终意识到偏头痛的罕见原因，如果误诊会严重影响患者的预后。考虑到这些相关的含义，未来的研究必须专门评估偏头痛在罕见疾病中的特征。