A review is presented of recent works on optical unipolar pulses, whose electric area (integral of the electric field strength over time) is nonzero, which determines the predominant direction of the electric field strength. It is shown that the existence of unipolar pulses does not contradict Maxwell's equations, and that unipolar pulses can propagate in waveguides. It is emphasised that, along with the spectral, energy, and polarisation parameters, the electric area of short light pulses is also an important characteristic. The unidirectional action of these pulses on microobjects indicates that it is promising to develop methods for generating radiation with such properties. We disciuss methods for the generation, propagation, and interaction of unipolar light with classical and quantum systems, as well as methods for recording the electric area of light pulses.

中文翻译：

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单极光：存在，产生，传播以及对微物体的影响

对光学单极脉冲的最新研究进行了综述，其单极面积（随时间变化的电场强度积分）为非零，这决定了电场强度的主要方向。结果表明，单极性脉冲的存在与麦克斯韦方程不矛盾，并且单极性脉冲可以在波导中传播。要强调的是，与光谱，能量和偏振参数一起，短光脉冲的电面积也是重要的特征。这些脉冲在微物体上的单向作用表明，有望开发出具有这种特性的辐射的方法。我们讨论了单极光与经典系统和量子系统的产生，传播和相互作用的方法，