The development of tactile screens opens new perspectives for co-located images and haptic rendering, leading to the concept of “haptic images.” They emerge from the combination of image data, rendering hardware, and haptic perception. This enables one to perceive haptic feedback while manually exploring an image. This raises nevertheless two scientific challenges, which serve as thematic axes for the state of the art of this survey. Firstly, the choice of appropriate haptic data raises a number of issues about human perception, measurements, modeling and distribution. Secondly, the choice of appropriate rendering technology implies a difficult trade-off between expressiveness and usability.

中文翻译：

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迈向触觉图像：基于触摸屏的表面触觉调查

触觉屏幕的发展为协同定位图像和触觉渲染开辟了新的视角，从而产生了“触觉图像”的概念。它们来自图像数据、渲染硬件和触觉感知的组合。这使人们能够在手动探索图像的同时感知触觉反馈。然而，这提出了两个科学挑战，它们作为本次调查最新技术的主题轴。首先，选择合适的触觉数据会引发许多关于人类感知、测量、建模和分布的问题。其次，选择合适的渲染技术意味着在表现力和可用性之间进行艰难的权衡。