Although scalp EEG functional networks have been applied to the study of motor tasks using electroencephalography (EEG), the selection of a suitable reference electrode has not been sufficiently researched. To investigate the effects of the original reference (REF-CZ), the common average reference (CAR), and the reference electrode standardization technique (REST) on scalp EEG functional network analysis during hand movement tasks, EEGs of 17 right-handed subjects performing self-paced hand movements were collected, and scalp functional networks [coherence (COH), phase-locking value (PLV), phase lag index (PLI)] with different references were constructed. Compared with the REF-CZ reference, the networks with CAR and REST references exhibited more significant increases in connectivity during the left-/right-hand movement preparation (MP) and movement execution (ME) stages. The node degree of the channel near the reference electrode was significantly reduced by the REF-CZ reference. CAR and REST both decreased this reference effect, REST more so than CAR. We confirmed that the choice of reference would affect the analysis of the functional network during hand movement tasks, and the REST reference can greatly reduce the effects of the online recording reference on the analysis of EEG connectivity.

中文翻译：

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手部运动任务中不同脑电参考对头皮脑电功能网络分析的影响

尽管头皮 EEG 功能网络已应用于使用脑电图 (EEG) 的运动任务研究，但尚未对合适的参考电极的选择进行充分研究。为了研究原始参考 (REF-CZ)、共同平均参考 (CAR) 和参考电极标准化技术 (REST) 在手部运动任务中对头皮脑电图功能网络分析的影响，17 名右手受试者的脑电图执行收集自定节奏的手部动作，构建不同参考的头皮功能网络[相干性（COH）、锁相值（PLV）、相位滞后指数（PLI）]。与 REF-CZ 参考相比，在左/右手运动准备 (MP) 和运动执行 (ME) 阶段，具有 CAR 和 REST 参考的网络在连接性方面表现出更显着的增加。REF-CZ 参比显着降低了参比电极附近通道的节点度。CAR 和 REST 都降低了这种参考效应，REST 比 CAR 更是如此。我们确认参考的选择会影响手部运动任务期间功能网络的分析，而REST参考可以大大降低在线记录参考对EEG连通性分析的影响。