The interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance B (MxB) protein has been reported to inhibit HIV-1 and herpesviruses by blocking the nuclear import of viral DNA. Here, we report a new antiviral mechanism in which MxB restricts the nuclear import of HIV-1 regulatory protein Rev, and as a result, diminishes Rev-dependent expression of HIV-1 Gag protein. Specifically, MxB disrupts the interaction of Rev with the nuclear transport receptor, transportin 1 (TNPO1). Supporting this, the TNPO1-independent Rev variants become less restricted by MxB. In addition, HIV-1 can overcome this inhibition by MxB through increasing the expression of multiply spliced viral RNA and hence Rev protein. Therefore, MxB exerts its anti-HIV-1 function through interfering with the nuclear import of both viral DNA and viral Rev protein.

据报道，干扰素诱导的粘液病毒抗性B（MxB）蛋白可通过阻断病毒DNA的核输入来抑制HIV-1和疱疹病毒。在这里，我们报告了一种新的抗病毒机制，其中MxB限制了HIV-1调节蛋白Rev的核输入，因此减少了HIV-1 Gag蛋白的Rev依赖性表达。具体而言，MxB破坏Rev与核转运受体运输蛋白1（TNPO1）的相互作用。支持这一点的是，独立于TNPO1的Rev变体受MxB的限制越来越小。此外，HIV-1可以通过增加多重剪接病毒RNA以及Rev蛋白的表达来克服MxB的这种抑制作用。因此，MxB通过干扰病毒DNA和病毒Rev蛋白的核输入来发挥其抗HIV-1功能。