This work aims to establish a general and optimized procedure for the initial refuelling of commercial airplanes, as this loading process is strongly related to safety and energy saving issues. The on‐ground refuelling is addressed as an optimization problem whose cost function involves expert knowledge about constraints and factors that influence the aircraft stability and performance. Several heterogeneous criteria (fuelling time, structural load, flow transfers, etc.) have been considered and weighted accordance to its importance in terms of stability. This allows us to adapt the strategy to any type and planned trip of the airplane. The priority is the positioning of the centre of mass of the civil aircraft within safety and manoeuvrability margins, and near the optimal position. Evolutive algorithms are applied, keeping feasible solutions by modifying genetic operators. As a case of study, the initial refuelling of a long range type commercial aircraft, the Airbus A330‐200, is analysed. Simulation results have proved this methodology to be efficient and optimal. Even more, this heuristic and general approach improves the traditional solution that follows a set of pre‐defined rules that are specific for each type of aircraft.

中文翻译：

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基于知识的商用飞机地面加油优化方法

这项工作旨在为商用飞机的初始加油建立通用且优化的程序，因为此加载过程与安全和节能问题密切相关。地面加油是一个优化问题，其成本函数涉及到有关限制因素和影响飞机稳定性和性能的因素的专业知识。已经考虑了几种不同的标准（加油时间，结构载荷，流量传递等），并根据其重要性对稳定性进行了加权。这使我们可以将策略适应飞机的任何类型和计划的行程。优先考虑的是将民用飞机的质心定位在安全性和可操纵性范围内，并在最佳位置附近。应用进化算法，通过修改遗传算子来保持可行的解决方案。作为研究案例，分析了远程商业飞机空中客车A330-200的初始加油情况。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性和最优性。更重要的是，这种启发式的通用方法改进了传统解决方案，该解决方案遵循针对每种飞机类型的一组预定义规则。