Macrophages are fundamental to promote tumorigenesis, tumor development and metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance through modulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Recently, increasing studies have shown that exosomes could play a crucial role in orchestrating the crosstalk between macrophages and cancer cells. Exosomes, as one of the extracellular vehicles, deliver a diverse cast of molecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, etc. to the targeted cells to exert pleiotropic effects. The macrophage-derived exosomes have heterogeneity in different cancers and play paradoxical roles in suppressing and promoting tumors mainly via post-transcriptional control and regulating the phosphorylation of proteins in the recipient cells. Meanwhile, exosomes secreted by different phenotypes of macrophages provide diverse therapeutic options. Thus, in this review, we summarized the latest progress in outlining the current understanding of macrophage-derived exosomal biogenesis and mechanisms in mediating cancer progression, as well as their potential clinical applications.

巨噬细胞是通过调节肿瘤微环境和癌细胞来促进肿瘤发生、肿瘤发展和转移以及化疗耐药性的基础。最近，越来越多的研究表明，外泌体在协调巨噬细胞和癌细胞之间的串扰方面可能发挥关键作用。外泌体作为细胞外载体之一，提供多种分子，包括脂质、蛋白质和核酸等。对靶细胞发挥多效作用。巨噬细胞来源的外泌体在不同的癌症中具有异质性，主要通过转录后控制和调节受体细胞中蛋白质的磷酸化在抑制和促进肿瘤方面发挥着矛盾的作用。同时，由不同表型巨噬细胞分泌的外泌体提供了多种治疗选择。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对巨噬细胞来源的外泌体生物发生和介导癌症进展机制的理解以及它们潜在的临床应用的最新进展。