Rationally designing an efficient and stable multifunctional electrocatalyst to replace the noble metal catalysts is extremely demanding but challenging. Herein, we develop a facile method to synthesis the defective nitrogen-doped graphene encapsulated metal nanoparticles by pyrolysis of graphene-supermolecule complexes. The obtained catalyst exhibits superior activities toward ORR (E_1/2 = 0.864 V), OER (η =383 mV@10 mA/cm²) and HER (η = 193 mV@10 mA/cm²) in 0.1 M KOH solution. Equipping the materials into a rechargeable zinc-air battery produces a peak power density of 205 mW/cm² and a cycle life of 667 h. It is found that formative M–N_x and defective N-doped graphene are the main origins of ORR activity while OER and HER activities are attributed to the defect-rich N-doped C and Co core. This finding provides insights to design electrocatalyst with both multifunctional catalytic activities and high stability.

合理设计一种高效稳定的多功能电催化剂来替代贵金属催化剂是一项极高的要求，但具有挑战性。本文中，我们开发了一种通过石墨烯-超分子复合物的热解合成有缺陷的氮掺杂石墨烯包封的金属纳米颗粒的简便方法。所得催化剂在0.1 M KOH溶液中对ORR（E _1/2 = 0.864 V），OER（η= 383 mV @ 10 mA / cm ²）和HER（η= 193 mV @ 10 mA / cm ²）具有优异的活性。。将这些材料装入可充电的锌空气电池中可产生205 mW / cm ²的峰值功率密度和667 h的循环寿命。发现形成性M–N _x掺杂缺陷的N掺杂的石墨烯是ORR活性的主要来源，而OER和HER的活性则归因于缺陷缺陷的掺杂N的C和Co核。该发现为设计具有多功能催化活性和高稳定性的电催化剂提供了见识。