Cucumber is one of the most profitable crops cultivated worldwide and the occurrence of gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, can dramatically decrease yield and fruit quality. This study investigated the potential of using silicon (Si), Clonostachys rosea, and their interaction, to control gray mold and on the potentiation of biochemical mechanisms of host defense. The treatments used in this study were: plants not-supplied with Si and not-receiving C. rosea (Cr) in the substrate before sowing (-Si -Cr plants), plants not-supplied with Si and receiving C. rosea (-Si +Cr plants), plants supplied with Si and not-receiving C. rosea (Cr) (+Si-Cr plants), and plants supplied with Si and receiving C. rosea (+Si+Cr plants). The foliar Si concentration significantly increased by 78% for +Si-Cr plants and by 98% for +Si +Cr plants in comparison to -Si-Cr and -Si+Cr plants, respectively. Significant increases of 70 and 73% for the incubation period of gray mold occurred for -Si+Cr and +Si+Cr plants, respectively, in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. There were significant reductions of 41 and 51%, respectively, for -Si+Cr and +Si+Cr plants in comparison to -Si-Cr plants for area under gray mold progress curve. The -Si+Cr and +Si+Cr plants showed high chitinase activity at 5 and 7 days after inoculation (dai) and at 9 hai for +Si-Cr plants in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. For +Si-Cr plants at 3 and 7 dai and for +Si+Cr plants at 3 and 5 dai, β-1,3-glucanase activity was significantly higher in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. Polyphenoloxidase activity was significantly higher for +Si-Cr plants at 5 dai and for -Si+Cr plants at 7, 8, and 10 dai in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. For -Si+Cr plants at 3 and 7 dai, +Si+Cr plants at 3 and 8 dai, and +Si-Cr plants at 7 and 8 dai, peroxidase activity was significantly higher in comparison to -Si-Cr plants. This study brings new insights into the potential of applying C. rosea and Si to boost cucumber resistance against gray mold with a bright prospect to be used in cucumber production under greenhouse conditions.

中文翻译：

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硅、Clonostachys rosea 及其在黄瓜灰霉病管理中的相互作用

黄瓜是世界上种植利润最高的作物之一，灰霉病菌引起的灰霉病会显着降低产量和果实质量。本研究调查了使用硅 (Si)、Clonostachys rosea 及其相互作用控制灰霉病和增强宿主防御生化机制的潜力。本研究中使用的处理是：播种前未提供 Si 且基质中未接受 C. rosea (Cr) 的植物（-Si -Cr 植物），未提供 Si 且接受 C. rosea (- Si + Cr 植物）、提供 Si 且未接受 C. rosea (Cr) 的植物（+Si-Cr 植物），以及提供 Si 并接受 C. rosea 的植物（+Si+Cr 植物）。与-Si-Cr 和-Si+Cr 植物相比，+Si-Cr 植物的叶面Si 浓度显着增加了78%，+Si +Cr 植物的叶面Si 浓度分别显着增加了98%。与-Si-Cr 植物相比，-Si+Cr 和+Si+Cr 植物的灰霉病潜伏期分别显着增加了70% 和73%。与 -Si-Cr 植物相比，-Si+Cr 和 +Si+Cr 植物的灰霉病进展曲线下面积分别显着减少了 41% 和 51%。与 -Si-Cr 植物相比，-Si+Cr 和 +Si+Cr 植物在接种后 5 天和 7 天（dai）以及 +Si-Cr 植物在 9 海时显示出高几丁质酶活性。对于第 3 天和第 7 天的 +Si-Cr 植物以及第 3 天和第 5 天的 +Si+Cr 植物，与 -Si-Cr 植物相比，β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性显着更高。与-Si-Cr 植物相比，+Si-Cr 植物在 5 天和 -Si+Cr 植物在 7、8 和 10 天的多酚氧化酶活性显着更高。对于3天和7天的-Si+Cr植物、3天和8天的+Si+Cr植物以及7天和8天的+Si-Cr植物，与-Si-Cr植物相比，过氧化物酶活性显着更高。这项研究为应用 C. rosea 和 Si 提高黄瓜对灰霉病的抗性的潜力带来了新的见解，具有用于温室条件下黄瓜生产的光明前景。