In this study, two series of physical modeling experiments, with and without a grouting process, were conducted under different grouting pressures to study the effect of compaction grouting on the performance of compaction-grouted soil nails. In addition, a hyperbola-based model was proposed to describe the variation of the pullout forces with and without grouting. Some of the main conclusions drawn are as follows. First, the compaction effect initially influences the mobilized pullout force, but not the final stage of pullout; the large difference between the two series of tests in regard to the pullout force at the initial stage led to the first part of this conclusion. However, the final pullout force results of the tests, both those with and those without grouting, were similar. Second, once the soil condition changes, the compaction effect on the performance of a soil nail depends on the grouting pressure rather than the diameter of the grout bulb. Third, the difference in the soil response (i.e., vertical dilatancy and the vertical and horizontal squeezing effects) derived from the compaction grouting effect will result in the initial difference in the increased rate of the pullout force between the tests with a grouting process and those without. Finally, a hyperbola-based model was proposed to describe the variation of the pullout force of the model tests with and without grouting, through which the pullout force is available of prediction for the given diameter of grout bulb and pullout displacement.

中文翻译：

---

压实对砂土中压实灌浆土钉性能的影响

在这项研究中，在不同的灌浆压力下进行了两个系列的物理模型实验，有无灌浆过程，以研究压实灌浆对压实灌浆土钉性能的影响。此外，提出了一种基于双曲线的模型来描述有无灌浆时拉拔力的变化。得出的一些主要结论如下。首先，压实效果最初影响动员的拔出力，但不影响拔出的最后阶段。在初始阶段，两个系列的测试在拔出力方面的巨大差异导致了该结论的第一部分。但是，无论有无灌浆，试验的最终拉拔力结果均相似。其次，一旦土壤条件发生变化，压实对土钉性能的影响取决于灌浆压力而不是灌浆球的直径。第三，由压实灌浆效应引起的土壤响应差异（即垂直扩张度和垂直和水平挤压效应）将导致灌浆过程试验与拉力试验之间拉拔力增加率的最初差异。没有。最后，提出了一种基于双曲线的模型来描述模型试验在有无灌浆情况下的拔出力变化，通过该模型可以得出给定灌浆球直径和拔出位移的拔出力。压实灌浆效应产生的垂直扩张力和垂直和水平挤压效应）将导致在有灌浆过程的试验与没有灌浆过程的试验之间，拉拔力的增加速率产生初始差异。最后，提出了一种基于双曲线的模型来描述模型试验在有无灌浆情况下的拔出力变化，通过该模型可以得出给定灌浆球直径和拔出位移的拔出力。压实灌浆效应产生的垂直扩张力和垂直和水平挤压效应）将导致在有灌浆过程的试验与没有灌浆过程的试验之间，拉拔力的增加速率产生初始差异。最后，提出了一种基于双曲线的模型来描述模型试验在有无灌浆情况下的拔出力变化，通过该模型可以得出给定灌浆球直径和拔出位移的拔出力。