Zoologists have widely acknowledged the utility of classification systems for characterising variation in anuran egg and clutch types, tadpole morphotypes, embryonic and tadpole development, amplexus types and reproductive modes. These classification systems have facilitated unambiguous communication between researchers, often working in completely different fields (e.g. taxonomy, ecology, behaviour), as well as comparisons among studies. A syntactic system, classifying anuran call guilds, is so far lacking. Based on examination of the calls of 1253 anuran species we present a simple, easy to use dichotomous key and guild system for classifying anuran advertisement calls – the call type most frequently emitted by anurans and studied by researchers. The use of only three call elements, namely clearly-defined calls, notes, and pulses, plus presence or absence of frequency modulation, allows assigning all currently known anuran advertisement calls to one of eight distinct call guilds defined here. This novel toolkit will facilitate comparative studies across the many thousand anuran species, and may help to unravel drivers of anuran call evolution, and to identify ecological patterns at the level of acoustic communities.

中文翻译：

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一种针对无尾鱼广告召唤的公会分类系统

动物学家已广泛承认分类系统可用于表征无尾猿卵和离合器类型、蝌蚪形态、胚胎和蝌蚪发育、臂丛类型和繁殖模式的变异。这些分类系统促进了研究人员之间明确的交流，通常从事完全不同的领域（例如分类学、生态学、行为），以及研究之间的比较。到目前为止，还缺乏一种对无尾猿召唤行会进行分类的句法系统。基于对 1253 种 anuran 物种的呼叫的检查，我们提出了一个简单、易于使用的二分键和公会系统，用于对 anuran 广告呼叫进行分类——这是由 anurans 最常发出并由研究人员研究的呼叫类型。仅使用三个调用元素，即明确定义的调用、音符和脉冲，加上是否存在频率调制，允许将所有当前已知的无尾猿广告呼叫分配给此处定义的八个不同呼叫行会之一。这个新颖的工具包将促进对数千种无尾猿物种的比较研究，并可能有助于解开无尾猿呼叫进化的驱动因素，并在声学群落层面识别生态模式。