Adenine is a key nucleobase, adenosine is an endogenous regulator of the immune system, while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy source of many biological reactions. Selective detection of these molecules is useful for understanding biological processes, biochemical reactions and signaling. Since 1993, various aptamers have been reported to bind to adenine and its derivatives. In addition, the adenine riboswitch was later discovered. This review summarizes the efforts for the selection of RNA and DNA aptamers for adenine derivatives, and we pay particular attention to the specificity of binding. In addition, other molecular recognition strategies based on rational sequence design are also introduced. Most of the work in the field was performed on the classic DNA aptamer for adenosine and ATP reported by the Szostak group. Based on this aptamer, some representative applications such as the design of fluorescent, colorimetric and electrochemical biosensors, intracellular imaging, and ATP-responsive materials are also described. In addition, we critically review the limit of the reported aptamers and also important problems in the field, which can give future research opportunities.

中文翻译：

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基于适体的识别腺嘌呤，腺苷，ATP和相关化合物的策略。

腺嘌呤是关键的核碱基，腺苷是免疫系统的内源性调节剂，而三磷酸腺苷（ATP）是许多生物反应的能源。这些分子的选择性检测对于理解生物学过程，生化反应和信号传导很有用。自1993年以来，已经报道了各种适体与腺嘌呤及其衍生物结合。此外，后来发现了腺嘌呤核糖开关。这篇综述总结了为腺嘌呤衍生物选择RNA和DNA适体的努力，我们特别注意结合的特异性。此外，还介绍了基于合理序列设计的其他分子识别策略。Szostak研究小组报道，该领域的大部分工作都是针对腺苷和ATP的经典DNA适体进行的。基于该适体，还描述了一些代表性的应用，例如荧光，比色和电化学生物传感器的设计，细胞内成像和ATP响应材料。另外，我们严格审查了所报道的适体的限制以及该领域中的重要问题，这些可能会为将来的研究提供机会。