The relationship of the hierarchical organization of the skeleton with the local electronic and atomic structure of bone is investigated. The Ca 2p photoemission from intact and various arthritis-damaged areas was measured and examined to study site-dependent peculiarities of calcium bonds in subchondral femoral bone. The medial and lateral condyles of the femur resected during total knee arthroplasty were used as samples. The Ca 2p_3/2,1/2^–1 photoelectron spectra demonstrate the distinct hierarchy-induced deviations of calcium bonds on the proximal side of the samples. It is shown that the apatite calcium bonds dominate in intact area, whereas non-apatite bonds dominate in OA-damaged areas, especially near sclerotic area but not inside it. The site dependence is associated with the interaction of broken collagen molecules with hydroxyapatite nanocrystallites at the cartilage–bone interface. The interplay of biomechanical and biochemical processes is examined, and the restoration of calcium bonds in sclerotic bone is discussed.

中文翻译：

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骨组织中钙键的部位依赖性。

研究了骨骼的层次结构与骨骼的局部电子和原子结构的关系。测量和检查完整和各种关节炎损伤区域的Ca 2p光发射，以研究软骨下股骨中钙键的部位依赖性。在全膝关节置换术中切除的股骨内侧和外侧lateral用作样本。Ca 2p _{3 / 2,1 / 2} ^–1光电子能谱显示了样品近端上钙键的明显的分层诱导偏差。结果表明，磷灰石钙键在完整区域占主导地位，而非磷灰石键在OA受损区域占主导地位，特别是在硬化区域附近，但在其内部则不占优势。部位依赖性与软骨-骨界面处胶原蛋白断裂与羟基磷灰石纳米晶体的相互作用有关。研究了生物力学和生化过程之间的相互作用，并讨论了硬化性骨中钙键的恢复。