Nd,Gd:CaF₂ single-crystal fibers (SCFs) of various Nd³⁺ and Gd³⁺ concentrations were grown by a modified temperature gradient technique (TGT) using a home-designed multi-microchannel crucible. Powder and Laue X-ray diffraction measurements indicated the SCFs consist of pure monocrystalline CaF₂ phase. Distributions of rare earth dopants in SCFs are proven to be uniform by both EDS and spectroscopic measurements. Laser diode (LD) pumped continuous-wave (CW) laser output at ∼1.06 μm spectral region of a highest slope efficiency of 42% and a maximum output power of 1.49 W were achieved. Comparison of laser performances between Nd,Gd:CaF₂ SCFs and bulk crystal was analyzed, indicating the potential of fluoride SCFs in high-power laser applications.

中文翻译：

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Nd，Gd：CaF ₂单晶纤维的生长，表征和高效连续波激光操作

使用自行设计的多微通道坩埚，通过改进的温度梯度技术（TGT）生长各种Nd ³⁺和Gd ³⁺浓度的Nd，Gd：CaF ₂单晶纤维（SCF）。粉末和Laue X射线衍射测量表明，SCF由纯单晶CaF ₂相组成。通过EDS和光谱测量证明，SCF中稀土掺杂剂的分布是均匀的。激光二极管（LD）泵浦连续波（CW）激光输出在〜1.06μm光谱范围内，最高斜率效率为42％，最大输出功率为1.49W。Nd，Gd：CaF ₂的激光性能比较 分析了SCF和块状晶体，表明氟化物SCF在大功率激光应用中的潜力。