Energy Harvesting- (EH-) powered Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication underlaying Cellular Network (EH-DCCN) has been deemed as one of the basic building blocks of Internet of Things due to its green energy efficiency and adjacent communication. But available energy will be one of the biggest obstacles when implementing EH-DCCN due to the immaturity of EH technology and the volatility of environmental energy resources. To improve energy utilization, this study investigates an efficient scheduling and power allocation scheme about transmission load equilibrium in the time domain. Accordingly, a short-term Sum Energy Efficiency (stSEE) maximization problem for EH-powered D2D communication is modelled, while ensuring a fundamental transmission rate requirement of cellular users. Consequently, the optimization problem is a nonconvex mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Thus, we propose a two-layer convex approximation iteration algorithm which can obtain a feasible quasioptimal solution for the stSEE problem. Simultaneously, a two-step heuristic algorithm in a slot-by-slot fashion is also developed to acquire a suboptimal solution without requiring statistical knowledge of channel and energy arrival processes. Simulated analysis indicates that the short-term scheduling strategy can obtain better performances in terms of energy efficiency and transmission rate than conventional real-time scheduling scheme. Besides, the maximum scheduled number of EH-D2D pairs underlaying one cellular user under different EH efficiency is analysed, which can give us a theoretical reference about the deployment of future EH-DCCN.

中文翻译：

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能量收集驱动的D2D通信的节能高效时域均衡调度和优化方案

基于能量收集（EH-）的设备到设备（D2D）通信基础的蜂窝网络（EH-DCCN）由于其绿色能源效率和邻近通信而被视为物联网的基本组成部分之一。但是，由于EH技术的不成熟和环境能源的易变​​性，可利用能源将成为实施EH-DCCN的最大障碍之一。为了提高能量利用率，本研究研究了一种有关时域传输负载均衡的有效调度和功率分配方案。因此，在确保蜂窝用户的基本传输速率要求的同时，对用于EH驱动的D2D通信的短期总能量效率（stSEE）最大化问题进行了建模。所以，最优化问题是一个非凸混合整数非线性规划问题。因此，我们提出了一种两层凸逼近迭代算法，该算法可以为stSEE问题获得可行的拟最优解。同时，还开发了逐个时隙的两步启发式算法，以获取次优解决方案，而无需统计信道和能量到达过程的知识。仿真分析表明，与传统的实时调度方案相比，短期调度策略在能效和传输速率方面可以获得更好的性能。此外，分析了在不同EH效率下一个蜂窝用户的最大EH-D2D对调度数，可以为未来EH-DCCN的部署提供理论参考。