Photovoltaics has become a significant branch of next-generation sustainable energy production. Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (copper-zinc-tin-(sulfur, selenium) or CZTS(Se)) is considered one of the most promising, earth-abundant, and nontoxic candidates for solar energy generation over the last decade. However, shallow phase stability of the quaternary phase and the presence of various secondary phases and defects are the main hindrances in achieving the target device performance. This paper summarizes various approaches to synthesize the CZTS absorber layer and the CdS - type material layer. Besides, different CZTS solar cell device structures, as well as a comprehensive review of secondary phases and defects, have been illustrated and discussed. At last, this review is intended to highlight the current challenges and prospects of CZTS solar cells.

中文翻译：

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Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4基薄膜太阳能电池现状综述

光伏已成为下一代可持续能源生产的重要分支。Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4（铜-锌-锡-（硫、硒）或 CZTS(Se)）被认为是过去十年中最有前途、地球上资源最丰富且无毒的太阳能发电候选者之一。然而，四元相的浅相稳定性以及各种二次相和缺陷的存在是实现目标器件性能的主要障碍。本文总结了合成CZTS吸收层和CdS型材料层的各种方法。此外，还说明和讨论了不同的 CZTS 太阳能电池器件结构，以及对二次相和缺陷的全面审查。最后，这篇综述旨在突出 CZTS 太阳能电池当前的挑战和前景。