The aim of this work was to investigate the bacteria-surface interactions occurring during the first hour of adhesion of marine Pseudoalteromonas NCIMB 2021 at the surface of 2304 lean duplex stainless steel in artificial seawater. A complete characterization of the biofilm and the passive film was performed coupling epifluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The coupling of XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses revealed that (1) protein and polysaccharide contents in the biofilm are similar in the presence or absence of nutrients, (2) the biofilm is mainly composed of proteins and the protein content is similar to the one of Tightly Bound EPS, (3) increased bacterial activity due to nutrients leads to chromium enrichment in the passive film in close vicinity to the bacteria.

中文翻译：

---

双相不锈钢海洋生物膜形成的早期阶段。

这项工作的目的是研究在海洋假交替单胞菌粘附的第一个小时内发生的细菌-表面相互作用。NCIMB 2021 在人工海水中的 2304 贫双相不锈钢表面。生物膜和被动膜的完整表征是通过耦合落射荧光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和飞行时间二次离子质谱 (ToF-SIMS) 进行的。XPS 和 ToF-SIMS 分析的耦合表明 (1) 生物膜中蛋白质和多糖的含量在营养物存在与否的情况下相似，(2) 生物膜主要由蛋白质组成，蛋白质含量与紧密结合的 EPS，(3) 由于营养物质而增加的细菌活性导致靠近细菌的钝化膜中的铬富集。