Salvia (Lamiaceae), or the sages, are one of the most speciesrich and recognizable genera of flowering plants. Salvia contains about 1000 species, is native on six continents, and has more than 150 species in cultivation for ornamental, culinary, and/ ormedicinal purposes.While Salvia has been recognized as a genus sinceLinnaeus, it has had a tortuous taxonomic history.And although (and perhaps because) it has recently been circumscribed in a broad sense to include several other small genera, including the commonly cultivated Rosmarinus (rosemary) and Perovskia (Russian sage), the taxonomy of Salvia remains controversial (Walker and Sytsma 2007; Will et al. 2015; Drew et al. 2017; Will and Claßen-Bockhoff 2017; Kriebel et al. 2019). A major factor underlying the complicated taxonomic history of Salvia is the remarkable floral diversity within the genus. The long-standing putative synapomorphy of the genus, the“staminal levermechanism” (Claßen-Bockhoff et al. 2004), not only has ostensibly evolved in parallel multiple times but also has numerous different forms (Walker and Sytsma2007;Hu et al. 2018;Kriebel et al. 2020). While causing some headaches taxonomically, the myriad variations of the staminal lever mechanism have helped make Salvia a model genus for research in pollination biology. In this special issue, we attempt both to elucidate some of the mechanisms underpinning the evolutionary success of Salvia and to clarify pollination biology, phylogenetic relationships, plastome evolution, and subgeneric classification within the genus. Three articles within this issue answer questions related to pollination biology within Salvia. Wester et al. (2020) use species of Salvia from several major clades to examine whether the “bee avoidance hypothesis” (Castellanos et al. 2004) holds with Salvia; Celep et al. (2020) investigate prezygotic isolation mechanisms and the pollination ecology of 12 species of Salvia growing in sympatry; and Cairampoma et al. (2020) look into the pollination biology of S. rhombifolia, an annual species endemic to the Atacama Desert of Peru and northern Chile. The other three articles in this issue reveal that two subgenera of Salvia are indeed native to East Asia (Hu et al. 2020), explore plastome evolution within the genus (Zhao et al. 2020), and provide some much-needed taxonomic clarity for Salvia subg. Calosphace (González-Gallegos et al. 2020). A brief description of each article is provided below.

中文翻译：

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丹参（唇形科）的进化、授粉生物学和物种丰富度

鼠尾草（唇形科）或鼠尾草是开花植物中物种最丰富和最易识别的属之一。鼠尾草包含大约 1000 种，原产于六大洲，有超过 150 种栽培用于观赏、烹饪和/或药用目的。虽然鼠尾草自林奈以来就被认为是一个属，但它的分类历史却很曲折。虽然（也许是因为）它最近被广义地限制为包括其他几个小属，包括普遍栽培的迷迭香（迷迭香）和 Perovskia（俄罗斯鼠尾草），鼠尾草的分类仍然存在争议（Walker 和 Sytsma 2007；Will 等al. 2015；Drew 等人，2017 年；Will 和 Claßen-Bockhoff 2017 年；Kriebel 等人，2019 年）。鼠尾草复杂分类历史的一个主要因素是该属内显着的花卉多样性。该属的长期推定突触，即“雄蕊杠杆机制”（Claßen-Bockhoff 等人，2004 年），不仅表面上多次平行进化，而且有许多不同的形式（Walker 和 Sytsma2007 年；Hu 等人，2018 年） ；Kriebel 等人，2020 年）。虽然在分类学上引起了一些头痛，但雄蕊杠杆机制的无数变化有助于使鼠尾草成为授粉生物学研究的模型属。在本期特刊中，我们试图阐明支持鼠尾草进化成功的一些机制，并阐明授粉生物学、系统发育关系、塑性体进化和属内的亚属分类。本期中的三篇文章回答了与鼠尾草授粉生物学相关的问题。韦斯特等人。(2020) 使用来自几个主要进化枝的鼠尾草物种来检验“避免蜜蜂假说”（Castellanos 等人，2004 年）是否适用于鼠尾草；塞勒普等人。(2020) 调查 12 种同种鼠尾草的合子前隔离机制和授粉生态；和 Cairampoma 等人。(2020) 研究 S. rhombifolia 的授粉生物学，这是秘鲁和智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠特有的一年生物种。本期的其他三篇文章揭示了鼠尾草的两个亚属确实原产于东亚（Hu et al. 2020），探索了该属内的塑性体进化（Zhao et al. 2020），并提供了一些急需的分类学清晰度鼠尾草 subg。Calosphace（González-Gallegos 等人，2020 年）。