1. Freshwater environments are experiencing high rates of species extinction due to human impacts, with aquatic insects thought to be strongly threatened by these changes; however, long‐term research on this topic is scant. Among aquatic insects, dragonflies are considered valuable indicators of human disturbance at multiple scales.
2. This study addresses transformations of odonate communities of low elevation mountain wetlands in the Alps over the last century, comparing historical and present assemblages based on past records derived from scientific collections or literature and present data derived from site resurveys.
3. About 32.6% of species have been extirpated or strongly declined in the area (mostly temporary lentic and lotic water specialists, or cold‐adapted species). Conversely, only 12.2% of species were new or considerably increased (mostly permanent lentic specialists and warm‐adapted species). Nearly half of historical populations have been lost. The great majority of species which disappeared from all the study sites also disappeared (or strongly declined) at the regional scale.
4. Although gamma species richness was higher in the historical period compared with the present, mean alpha species richness does not significantly differ between the two, likely suggesting homogenisation of communities from historical to the present period.
5. Present communities of dragonflies show a significantly higher community temperature index compared with historical ones.
6. These patterns are putatively explained by the joint effects of land‐use change (drainage and reclamation), land‐use intensification or abandonment, environmental pollution, and anthropogenic‐driven climate warming.

中文翻译：

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上个世纪低海拔山区湿地的蜻蜓（昆虫纲：Odonata）群落的人为驱动转变

1. 由于人类的影响，淡水环境的物种灭绝率很高，水生昆虫受到这些变化的强烈威胁；但是，对此主题的长期研究很少。在水生昆虫中，蜻蜓被认为是多种尺度下人为干扰的宝贵指标。
2. 这项研究解决了上个世纪阿尔卑斯山低海拔山区湿地的齿状群落的转变，根据过去的科学收藏或文献记录以及当前的现场调查数据，比较了历史和目前的组合。
3. 该地区约32.6％的物种已灭绝或严重退化（主要是临时的胶体和抽水专家，或适应寒冷的物种）。相反，只有12.2％的物种是新物种或显着增加的物种（主要是永久性透镜专家和适应气候的物种）。近一半的历史人口流失了。从所有研究地点消失的绝大多数物种在区域范围内也消失（或强烈下降）。
4. 尽管在历史时期内伽马物种的丰富度高于当前水平，但两者之间的平均阿尔法物种丰富度没有显着差异，这可能表明从历史时期到当前时期的群落均质化。
5. 与历史上的蜻蜓相比，当前的蜻蜓群落显示出明显更高的群落温度指数。
6. 可以通过土地利用变化（排水和填海），土地利用集约化或废弃，环境污染以及人为驱动的气候变暖等共同作用来解释这些模式。