Abstract The study evaluated antifungal action of Trichoderma biocontoller in opposition to cotton seed rotting pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. It perceived comparative appraisal of novel extracellular antifungal markers secreted by potent and weak antagonists to restrain R. solani contagion. The Trichoderma biocontroller exhibited growth restraint of R. solani Kuhn ranging from 15 to 88% during in-vitro antagonism. T. koningii MTCC796 (TkoniT9) controlled maximum growth of R. solani following T. viride NBAIITv23 (TviriT5) through mycoparasitism. The antibiosis strains- T. harzianum NBAIITh1 (TharzT1) and T. virens NBAIITvs12 (TvireT7) did not overgrow but formed inhibition zone during interaction with test-pathogen. The GC-MS analysis identified potentials secretory metabolites with 17 (including seven antifungal and antioxidant) and 13 (along with three antifungal) unique compounds in mycoparasitic TkoniT9 and TviriT5 strains, respectively. Metabolome univariate analysis of potent/weak group obtained 23 exometabolites with significant differences in fold change (threshold 2) between group, of which 16 up-regulated in potent antagonist group. The most diverse and potential markers for mycoparasitic action reported as 1-dodecene; 1-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride; phenol 3,5-bis1,1-dimethylethyl; 25H-furanone; octadecane and oxirane hexadecyl which were significantly up-regulated in mycoparasitic strains compared to the antibiosis and weak antagonists. However, oxirane dodecyl accounted unique for antibiosis action. The 1-nonadecene (antifungal) recognized significantly (P0.01) higher in antibiosis strain, while it's unique alcoholic form 1-nonadecenol (cytotoxic) induced significantly (P0.001) in mycoparasitic TkoniT9 antagonist contacted with pathogen mycelium. The novel exometabolites were documented for industrial use as potential markers in effective mycoparasitic and antibiosis Trichoderma strains for eco-friendly antifungal action against R. solani alternate to fungicides diminishing soil pollution in cotton rhizosphere.

中文翻译：

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木霉属生物控制剂的细胞外代谢组学具有抗真菌作用以抑制棉花中的立枯丝核菌

摘要 本研究评估了木霉生物控制剂对棉籽腐烂病原丝核菌的抗真菌作用。它认为对抑制 R. solani 传染的强效和弱拮抗剂分泌的新型细胞外抗真菌标记物的比较评价。在体外拮抗作用期间，木霉生物控制器表现出对 R. solani Kuhn 的生长抑制范围从 15% 到 88%。T. koningii MTCC796 (TkoniT9) 在 T. viride NBAIITv23 (TviriT5) 之后通过真菌寄生控制了 R. solani 的最大生长。抗菌菌株-哈茨木霉 NBAIITh1 (TharzT1) 和 T. virens NBAIITvs12 (TvireT7) 在与测试病原体相互作用期间没有过度生长而是形成抑制区。GC-MS 分析分别在真菌寄生 TkoniT9 和 TviriT5 菌株中鉴定了具有 17 种（包括 7 种抗真菌剂和抗氧化剂）和 13 种（以及三种抗真菌剂）独特化合物的潜在分泌代谢物。强/弱组的代谢组单变量分析获得了 23 种外代谢物，组间倍数变化（阈值 2）存在显着差异，其中 16 种在强效拮抗剂组中上调。最多样化和潜在的真菌寄生作用标志物报告为 1-十二碳烯；1-十六烷磺酰氯；苯酚3,5-双1,1-二甲基乙基；25H-呋喃酮；与抗生素和弱拮抗剂相比，十八烷和环氧乙烷十六烷基在真菌寄生菌株中显着上调。然而，环氧乙烷十二烷基占独特的抗菌作用。1-十九碳烯（抗真菌）在抗生素菌株中显着（P0.01）更高，而其独特的酒精形式 1-十九碳烯醇（细胞毒性）在与病原体菌丝体接触的真菌寄生 TkoniT9 拮抗剂中显着诱导（P0.001）。新的外代谢物被记录为工业用途，可作为有效的真菌寄生和抗菌木霉菌株的潜在标志物，用于对 R. solani 进行生态友好的抗真菌作用，替代杀菌剂，减少棉花根际土壤污染。