Eusociality in its various degrees represents an animal social system characterised by cooperative brood care, differentiation into castes and generational overlap. The fossil record indicates that eusociality is likely to have originated in hymenopterans and blattodeans during the Cretaceous. In this study, we present findings from surveys in Peruvian (Villa Carmen) and Ecuadorian (Rio Bigal, El Reventador) cloud forests revealing the first extant cockroach species living in complex, structured groups (n = 90–200 individuals, ˃ 20 adults). We observed and described behaviours that suggest the existence of cooperative care, nest guarding, nest chamber preparation within hardwood Casearia sp. (Salicaceae) and bamboo (Bambusoideae), multiple overlapping generations (‘different stages of’ instars), colony translocation, possibly a sole reproductive female (1.25 times larger white ‘queen’, but no potential ‘king’ observed), and morphologically diversified immature stages. In order to define the lineage where this type of sociality originated and occurs, the forms of Melyroidea magnifica Shelford, 1912, M. ecuadoriana sp. n., M. mimetica Shelford, 1912 and an undescribed species from Peru are also described in a separate section of this study. Blattoid morphological characteristics such as typical styli suggest categorisation within distinct Oulopterygidae (Rehn, 1951), outside Corydiidae Saussure 1864. Transitional advanced sociality or semisociality in related Aclavoidea socialis gen. et sp. n. is documented in a rotting stump (n = 80 individuals, few adults). Close phylogenetic relation between the genera, conserved morphology of numerous characters and their diverse feeding strategies generally lacking specialisation suggests a rather recent origin of a social way of life in this group. Eusociality in invertebrates and vertebrates can thus originate in various phylogenetical and ecological trajectories including predation, parasitism, care for herbs and the new one, documented through diet shift from detritivory to fungivory and algaevory. Interdisciplinary approaches reveal the low degree of knowledge of rainforest ecosystems, with fundamental groups remaining still systematically and also behaviourally undescribed.

中文翻译：

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新嗜肉食蟹类蟑螂揭示了不同程度的（eu）社会性。

善解人意的程度代表着一种动物社会系统，其特征是合作育雏，分化为种姓和世代交叠。化石记录表明，在白垩纪期间，社会交往很可能起源于膜翅目和短翅目。在这项研究中，我们介绍了对秘鲁（别墅卡门）和厄瓜多尔人（里约比加尔，埃尔雷文多多）云雾森林的调查结果，这些森林揭示了生活在复杂的结构化群体中的第一种现存蟑螂物种（n  = 90–200个人，˃20成人） 。我们观察并描述了一些行为，这些行为表明在硬木Casearia中存在合作护理，筑巢防护，筑巢室准备工作sp。（Salicaceae）和竹子（Bambusoideae），多个重叠世代（“ stars”的“不同阶段”），菌落易位，可能是一个唯一的繁殖雌性（白色“ queen”的1.25倍，但未观察到潜在的“ king”），并且形态上多样化不成熟的阶段。为了定义这种社会性起源和发生的世系，Melyroidea magnifica Shelford，1912 ，M. ecuadoriana sp。的形式。n。，M. mimetica该研究的另一部分还介绍了谢尔福德（Shelford）（1912年）和秘鲁未描述的物种。类球体的形态特征，例如典型的笔尖，建议将其归类于不同的O翅目科（雷恩，1951年），而不是科索迪科·索绪尔1864年。在相关的Aclavoidea socialis gen中具有过渡性的先进社会或半社会性。等。。在腐烂残端（是记录Ñ = 80个人，成年人很少。种属，许多特征的保守形态及其通常缺乏专业化的多样化进食策略之间存在密切的系统发育关系，这表明该群体的社会生活方式是最近才出现的。因此，无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的嘲笑可以起源于各种系统发育和生态学轨迹，包括掠食，寄生，照料草药和新物种，这些都通过饮食从有害性转变为真菌性和藻类食物而得以记录。跨学科方法揭示了对雨林生态系统的了解程度低，基本群体仍然系统地，行为上未描述。