We investigate two classes of conditions for galaxy quenching at 0.5 < z < 2.5 based on the structural scaling relations of galaxies in the five Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) fields: the formation of a compact core and the environment. We confirm that, in the entire redshift range, massive quiescent galaxies (M∗ > 10M⊙) have much higher stellar mass surface densities within the central 1 kpc (Σ1) and smaller sizes than starforming galaxies in the same stellar mass range. In addition, the quiescent fractions significantly increase with the increase of Σ1 regardless if galaxies are centrals or satellites. In contrast, we find that the overall lower-mass quiescent galaxies (M∗ <∼ 10M⊙) have slightly higher Σ1 and comparable sizes compared to starforming galaxies of the same mass and at the same redshift. At z < 1.5, satellites have higher halo masses and larger quiescent fractions than those of centrals at a given Σ1 (stellar mass). Our findings indicate that the significant growth of the galaxy cores is closely related to the quenching of massive galaxies since z ∼ 2.5, while the environmental effect plays an important role in the quenching of lowmass galaxies at z ≲ 1.5.

中文翻译：

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来自 CANDELS 的星系在 0.5 < z < 2.5 处猝灭的条件：紧凑的核心和环境

我们根据五个宇宙大会近红外深河外遗产调查 (CANDELS) 场中星系的结构比例关系，研究了在 0.5 < z < 2.5 时星系淬灭的两类条件：致密核心的形成和环境。我们证实，在整个红移范围内，大质量静止星系 (M∗ > 10M⊙) 在中心 1 kpc (Σ1) 内的恒星质量表面密度要高得多，而在相同恒星质量范围内，它们的尺寸比恒星形成星系要小得多。此外，无论星系是中心星系还是卫星星系，静止分数都随着 Σ1 的增加而显着增加。相比之下，我们发现整体质量较低的静止星系 (M∗ < ∼ 10M⊙) 与相同质量和相同红移的恒星形成星系相比，具有略高的 Σ1 和类似的大小。在 z < 1.5 处，卫星具有比给定 Σ1（恒星质量）的中心更高的晕质量和更大的静止分数。我们的研究结果表明，星系核的显着增长与 z ∼ 2.5 以来大质量星系的猝灭密切相关，而环境效应在 z ≲ 1.5 时低质量星系的猝灭中起着重要作用。