Many properties of solids, such as the glass state, hysteresis, and memory effects, are commonly treated as nonequilibrium phenomena, which involve numerous conceptual difficulties. However, few studies have addressed the problem of understanding equilibrium itself. Equilibrium is often assessed based on the assumption that its thermodynamic state should be solely determined using temperature and pressure. However, this assumption must be fundamentally reappraised from the beginning because no rigorous proof for this assumption exists. Previous work showed that for solids, the time-averaged positions of all constituent atoms of the solid are thermodynamic coordinates (TCs). In this study, this conclusion is further elaborated starting from the principles of solid-state physics. This theory is applied to glass materials, for which many challenges remain. Results show that first, the glass state, which is the state after freezing, is an equilibrium state under given constraints. Ac...

中文翻译：

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玻璃状态和玻璃化转变的热力学描述

固体的许多特性（例如玻璃态，滞后和记忆效应）通常被视为非平衡现象，这涉及许多概念上的困难。但是，很少有研究解决了解平衡本身的问题。通常基于以下假设来评估平衡：应该仅使用温度和压力确定其热力学状态。但是，必须从一开始就从根本上重新评估该假设，因为不存在对此假设的严格证明。先前的工作表明，对于固体，固体所有组成原子的时间平均位置是热力学坐标（TCs）。在本研究中，将从固态物理学原理出发进一步阐述这一结论。这个理论适用于玻璃材料 对于这些挑战仍然存在。结果表明，首先，玻璃态（冻结后的状态）在给定约束下为平衡状态。Ac ...