Spinal instrumentations have been classified as rigid fixation, total disc replacement and dynamic stabilization system for treatment of various spinal disorders. The efficacy and biomechanical suitability of any spinal implant can be measured through in vitro, in vivo experiments and numerical techniques. With the advancement in technology finite element models are making an important contribution to understand the complex structure of spinal components along with allied functionality, designing and application of spinal instrumentations at preliminary design stage. This paper aimed to review the past and recent studies to describe the biomechanical aspects of various spinal implants. The literatures were grouped and reviewed in accordance to instrumentation category and their functionality in the spinal column at respective locations.

中文翻译：

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脊柱植入物的生物力学——综述

脊柱器械分为刚性固定、全椎间盘置换和动态稳定系统，用于治疗各种脊柱疾病。任何脊柱植入物的功效和生物力学适用性都可以通过体外、体内实验和数值技术进行测量。随着技术的进步，有限元模型正在为理解脊柱组件的复杂结构以及相关功能、脊柱器械在初步设计阶段的设计和应用做出重要贡献。本文旨在回顾过去和最近的研究，以描述各种脊柱植入物的生物力学方面。根据器械类别及其在各自位置的脊柱中的功能对文献进行分组和审查。