Kidney diseases secondary to several pathogeneses affect millions of people worldwide and have become increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. Recent evidence suggests that cellular senescence plays an important role in the pathogenesis of different forms of renal damage, including acute and chronic kidney disease, and renal transplantation. Renal senescence involves cell cycle arrest and affects several cellular pathways, manifesting in downregulation of klotho, elevated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, cellular telomere shortening, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, senescent cells might induce kidney injury by paracrine release of inflammatory factors. Yet, cellular senescence may be renoprotective during development and in some models of renal diseases, reflecting the yin/yang duality of cellular senescence. This review provides an overview of the role of this emerging player in renal injury, with emphasis on new findings of cellular senescence.

中文翻译：

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细胞衰老

继发于几种病原体的肾脏疾病影响着全世界数百万人，并且越来越被认为是一个全球公共卫生问题。最近的证据表明，细胞衰老在不同形式的肾损伤（包括急性和慢性肾病以及肾移植）的发病机制中起着重要作用。肾脏衰老涉及细胞周期停滞并影响多种细胞通路，表现为 klotho 下调、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂表达升高、细胞端粒缩短和氧化应激。此外，衰老细胞可能通过炎症因子的旁分泌释放诱导肾损伤。然而，细胞衰老在发育过程中和某些肾脏疾病模型中可能具有肾脏保护作用，这反映了细胞衰老的阴阳二元性。