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Orb-weaving spiders show a correlated syndrome of morphology and web structure in the wild
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 , DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa104
David N Fisher 1, 2 , Jonathan N Pruitt 1, 3 , Justin Yeager 4
Affiliation  

Extended phenotypes are traits that exist outside the physical body of organisms. Despite their role in the lives of the organisms that express them and other organisms influenced by extended phenotypes, the consistency and covariance with morphological and behavioural traits of extended phenotypes has rarely been evaluated. We repeatedly measured an extended phenotype involved in prey acquisition (web structure) of wild orb-weaving spiders (Micrathena vigorsii), which re-build their webs daily. We related web structure to behaviours and spider body length. Web diameter and web density were repeatable among individuals, reaction to a predation threat was very marginally so, and response to a prey stimulus and web evenness were not repeatable. Larger spiders spun wider webs, had webs with increased thread spacing, and the spider possibly tended to react more slowly to a predation threat. When a spider built a relatively larger web it was also a relatively less dense and less even web. The repeatability of web construction and relationship with spider body size we found may be common features of intra-population variation in web structure in spiders. By estimating the consistency and covariances of extended phenotypes we can begin to evaluate what maintains their variation and how they might evolve.

中文翻译:

织球蜘蛛在野外表现出相关的形态和网状结构综合征

扩展表型是存在于生物体体外的性状。尽管它们在表达它们的生物和受扩展表型影响的其他生物的生命中发挥着作用,但很少评估与扩展表型的形态和行为特征的一致性和协方差。我们反复测量了与野生球编织蜘蛛(Micrathena vigorsii)的猎物获取(网状结构)有关的扩展表型),该网站每天都会重建其网络。我们将网络结构与行为和蜘蛛体长度相关联。在个体之间,网的直径和网的密度是可重复的,对捕食威胁的反应很小,因此对猎物刺激和网的均匀性的响应是不可重复的。较大的蜘蛛旋转较宽的蜘蛛网,使蜘蛛网的线距增加,并且蜘蛛可能倾向于对掠食性威胁做出较慢的反应。当蜘蛛建造相对较大的网幅时,它的密度也相对较低,网幅也较不均匀。蜘蛛网结构的可重复性以及与蜘蛛体大小的关系可能是蜘蛛网结构中种群内部变异的共同特征。通过估计扩展表型的一致性和协方差,我们可以开始评估什么维持了它们的变异以及它们如何进化。
更新日期:2020-09-22
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