Space radiation is acknowledged as one of the main health risks for human exploration of the Solar system. Solar particle events (SPE) and the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) can cause significant early and late morbidity, and damage mission critical microelectronics. Systematic studies of the interaction of energetic heavy ions with biological and electronic systems are typically performed at high-energy particle accelerators with a small subset of ions and energies in an independent and serialized way. This simplification can lead to inaccurate estimations of the harmful radiation effects of the full space radiation environment on man and machine. To mitigate these limitations, NASA has developed an irradiation system at the Brookhaven National Laboratory able to simulate the full GCR spectrum. ESA is also investing in ground-based space radiation studies in Europe, using the current and future facilities at GSI/FAIR in Darmstadt (Germany). We describe here an advanced hybrid active-passive space radiation simulation system to simulate GCR or SPE spectra. A predefined set of different monoenergetic ⁵⁶Fe beams will be fired on specially designed beam modulators consisting of filigree periodic structures. Their thickness, composition and geometry per used primary beam energy are optimized via 1D-transport calculations in such a way that the superposition of the produced radiation fields at the target position closely simulate the GCR in different scenarios. The highly complex modulators will be built using state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques like 3D-printing and precision casting. A Monte Carlo simulation of the spectrum produced in this setup is reported.

空间辐射被公认为是人类探索太阳系的主要健康风险之一。太阳粒子事件（SPE）和银河系宇宙辐射（GCR）可能会导致明显的早期和晚期发病，并损害关键的微电子器件。高能重离子与生物和电子系统相互作用的系统研究通常是在高能粒子加速器上以独立和序列化的方式进行，其中离子和能量的子集很小。这种简化可能导致对整个空间辐射环境对人和机器的有害辐射影响的估计不准确。为了减轻这些局限性，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）在布鲁克黑文国家实验室（Brookhaven National Laboratory）开发了一种辐射系统，能够模拟整个GCR光谱。欧洲航天局还利用位于德国达姆施塔特的GSI / FAIR的现有设施和未来设施，对欧洲的地面空间辐射研究进行投资。我们在这里描述一种先进的混合主动-被动空间辐射模拟系统，以模拟GCR或SPE光谱。预定义的一组不同的单能量将在由花丝周期性结构组成的特殊设计的光束调制器上发射⁵⁶ Fe光束。通过一维传输计算优化了每一次使用的一次光束能量的厚度，成分和几何形状，以使产生的辐射场在目标位置处的叠加可以在不同情况下紧密模拟GCR。高度复杂的调制器将使用3D打印和精密铸造等最先进的制造技术来构建。报告了在此设置中产生的光谱的蒙特卡洛模拟。