The use of structured ultrashort pulses with coupled spatiotemporal properties is emerging as a key tool for ultrafast manipulation. Ultrafast vector beams are opening exciting opportunities in different fields such as microscopy, time-resolved imaging, nonlinear optics, particle acceleration or attosecond science. Here, we implement a technique for the full characterization of structured time-dependent polarization light waveforms with spatiotemporal resolution, using a compact twofold spectral interferometer, based on in-line bulk interferometry and fibre-optic coupler assisted interferometry. We measure structured infrared femtosecond vector beams, including radially polarized beams and complex-shaped beams exhibiting both temporal and spatial evolving polarization. Our measurements confirm that light waveforms with polarization evolving at the micrometer and femtosecond scales can be achieved through the use of structured waveplates and polarization gates. This new scale of measurement achieved will open the way to predict, check and optimize applications of structured vector beams at the femtosecond and micrometer scales.

具有耦合的时空特性的结构化超短脉冲的使用正在成为超快操纵的关键工具。超快矢量束在显微镜，时间分辨成像，非线性光学，粒子加速或阿秒科学等不同领域带来了令人兴奋的机遇。在这里，我们采用紧凑的双重光谱干涉仪，基于在线体干涉法和光纤耦合器辅助干涉法，实现了一种具有时空分辨率的结构化时间相关偏振光波形的完整表征技术。我们测量结构化的红外飞秒矢量光束，包括径向偏振光束和呈现时间和空间演化偏振的复杂形状光束。我们的测量结果证实，通过使用结构化的波片和偏振门，可以实现偏振度在千分尺和飞秒级发展的光波形。达到的这种新的测量规模将为预测，检查和优化飞秒级和微米级结构化矢量束的应用开辟道路。