In December 2018, Etna volcano experienced one of the largest episodes of unrest since the installation of geophysical monitoring networks in 1970. The unrest culminated in a short eruption with a small volume of lava erupted, a significant seismic crisis and deformation of the entire volcanic edifice of magnitude never recorded before at Mount Etna. Here we describe the evolution of the 2018 eruptive cycle from the analysis of seismic and geodetic data collected in the months preceding, during, and following the intrusion. We model the space‐time evolution of high‐rate deformation data starting from the active source previously identified from deformation data and the propagation of seismicity in a 3‐D velocity model. The intrusion model suggests emplacement of two dikes: a smaller dike located beneath the eruptive fissure and a second, deeper dike between 1 and 5 km below sea level that opened ~2 m. The rise and eruption of magma from the shallower dike did not interrupt the pressurization of a long‐lasting deeper reservoir (~6 km) that induced continuous inflation and intense deformation of the eastern flank. Shortly after the intrusion, on 26 December 2018, a M_L4.8 earthquake occurred near Pisano, destroying buildings and roads in two villages. We propose a time‐dependent intrusion model that supports the hypothesis of the inflation inducing flank deformation and that this process has been active since September 2018.

中文翻译：

---

2018年埃特纳火山爆发之前，之中和之后的地震和大地测量综合分析

自1970年安装地球物理监测网络以来，埃特纳火山在2018年12月经历了最大的动荡事件之一。动荡最终以短暂的喷发，少量的熔岩喷发，严重的地震危机和整个火山大厦的变形而告终。在埃特纳火山之前从未有过如此巨大的记录 在这里，我们通过分析入侵前后，几个月和之后几个月收集的地震和大地测量数据来描述2018年爆发周期的演变。我们从3D速度模型中从变形数据中预先确定的活动源和地震活动的传播开始，对高速率变形数据的时空演化进行建模。入侵模型建议放置两个堤防：一个位于喷发裂缝下方的较小堤防，另一个位于堤坝下方，在海平面以下1至5公里之间的更深的堤防，打开了约2 m。较浅的堤防引起的岩浆上升和喷发并未中断持久的较深储层（〜6 km）的增压，该储层引起了东部侧翼的持续膨胀和强烈变形。入侵后不久，2018年12月26日，中号_大号4.8级地震发生皮萨诺附近，摧毁建筑物和道路的两个村庄。我们提出了一个与时间有关的入侵模型，该模型支持了导致通货膨胀引起侧面变形的假设，并且该过程自2018年9月以来一直活跃。