In susceptible hosts, protection from Leptospira infection is mediated by the innate immune response at the point of entry and humoral immunity. Thus, identifying and segregating the initial host response at the representative host-pathogen interface is needed to understand the typical outcomes of Leptospira infection, clearance, persistence, or disease. An in vitro whole blood culture system to study the overall immune response using pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira strains was explored in this study. Using an ELISA, increased IL-8, TNF alpha, and IL-1 in blood samples stimulated with pathogenic and nonpathogenic Leptospira compared to unstimulated controls were detected. In RT² Profiler PCR Array assays, consistent upregulation of 22 genes and downregulation of 25 genes were observed. Few of the notable upregulated genes included BPI, CCL3, CXCL2, IL-6, IL-8, TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, and TNF and downregulated genes included, LBP, LYZ, MPO, MYD88. IFNβ was upregulated in samples treated with pathogenic Leptospira and IL-1β was upregulated in samples treated with nonpathogenic Leptospira. Toll- like Receptor signaling and expression of pattern recognition receptors were two of the five prominent canonical pathways observed. Individual deconvolution of each of the specific and significant pathways observed in this study may improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of this important zoonotic agent. The use of this system in conjunction with whole transcriptome analysis in a larger population, may unveil the robust nature of host/Leptospira interaction.

在易感宿主中，钩端螺旋体感染的保护作用是由进入点的固有免疫反应和体液免疫介导的。因此，需要在代表性的宿主-病原体界面处鉴定和分离初始宿主反应，以了解钩端螺旋体感染，清除，持续性或疾病的典型结局。的体外全血培养系统来研究使用致病性和非致病性的总体免疫反应钩端螺旋体菌株在本研究中进行了探索。使用ELISA，与未刺激的对照相比，用病原性和非病原性钩端螺旋体刺激的血样中的IL-8，TNFα和IL-1升高。在RT ^2中观察到Profiler PCR Array分析，22个基因的一致上调和25个基因的下调。很少有明显的上调基因包括BPI，CCL3，CXCL2，IL-6，IL-8，TLR1，TLR2，TLR6和TNF，而下调的基因包括LBP，LYZ，MPO，MYD88。致病性钩端螺旋体治疗的样品中的IFNβ上调，非病原性钩端螺旋体治疗的样品中的IL-1β上调。Toll样受体信号传导和模式识别受体的表达是观察到的五个主要经典途径中的两个。在这项研究中观察到的每个特定和重要途径的个体去卷积可以增进对这种重要的人畜共患病原体发病机理的理解。在较大的人群中，结合使用该系统和完整的转录组分析，可以揭示宿主/钩端螺旋体相互作用的强大特性。