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Further spread of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga , to the west and north in Central Europe
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s41348-020-00366-2
Jaroslav Holuša , Milan Zúbrik , Karolina Resnerová , Hana Vanická , Jan Liška , Josef Mertelík , Danail Takov , Jiří Trombik , Ann E. Hajek , Daniela Pilarska

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is one of the most important pests of deciduous trees in Europe, occurring in all environmental zones of Europe except the Alpine North and part of the Boreal zone. The gypsy moth fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga, originally from Asia, was imported from the USA and released in Bulgaria, in 1999–2000. Spread of E. maimaiga in Central Europe was documented from 2011 to 2013, but this pathogen was only detected as far north as Slovakia. Collections of dead L. dispar larvae in 2019 (but not 2018), in areas of both sporadic and cyclic L. dispar outbreaks, resulted in the first detections of E. maimaiga in the Czech Republic. Lymantria dispar larvae were exposed to soil from oak forests in 2014–2018, but only infection by the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV) and the microsporidium Vairimorpha (= Nosema) lymantriae was detected. At most localities in the cyclic outbreak area, in 2017 the first defoliations of a new outbreak cycle occurred and the numbers of gypsy moth egg masses began to increase, so the calculated duration of approximately 13 years from outbreak to outbreak in the Czech Republic was verified.



中文翻译:

吉普赛蛾真菌病原体Entomophaga maimaiga进一步传播到中欧的西部和北部

吉普赛蛾(Lymantria dispar)是欧洲落叶树最重要的害虫之一,除欧洲北部和北部地区的部分地区外,分布在欧洲所有环境地区。吉普赛蛾真菌病原体Entomophaga maimaiga最初来自亚洲,从美国进口,于1999–2000年在保加利亚释放。据记录,2011年至2013年期间,中美洲大肠埃希菌的传播,但仅在斯洛伐克以北发现了这种病原体。死者的集合舞毒蛾在2019年(而不是2018)的幼虫,在这两个零星的,周期性的地区舞毒蛾疫情,导致第一检测E. maimaiga在捷克共和国。舞毒蛾幼虫暴露于来自橡树森林土壤在2014年至2018年,而是由舞毒蛾核型(LdNPV)和微孢子感染仅Vairimorpha(= 微孢子虫lymantriae进行检测。在周期性暴发地区的大多数地方,2017年发生了新的暴发周期的第一次落叶,吉普赛蛾卵的数量开始增加,因此验证了捷克共和国从爆发到爆发的大约13年的持续时间。

更新日期:2020-08-31
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