The aim of this review is to analyze the literature on the impact of beavers on lakes, summarize their effects, describe consequences for biotic and abiotic components, and highlight unresolved issues and perspectives. Beaver activity changes vegetation structure to the greatest extent, indirectly affecting other ecosystem components. Damming of flowing lakes increases the littoral area, which affects diversity and abundance of invertebrates, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Beavers’ alteration of the water regime and heterogeneity and connectivity of habitats has significant effects on zoobenthos, fish, and amphibians. Changes in hydrochemical properties directly affect phytoplankton and benthos. Unlike river ecosystems, where habitats are altered from flowing to still water, in lake ecosystems, habitat type is not usually changed (from lotic to lentic) but their quality (e.g., heterogeneity, connectivity) is. Beaver activity in rivers leads to increased limnophilic biodiversity, but in lakes, it leads to conservation of pre-existing lentic ecosystems. Therefore, impacts of beavers could be of greater importance to limnophilic complexes in lakes than to streams, especially after long time of beaver absence. Digging activity has a more significant role in lakes (especially floodplain) than in rivers. Beaver alteration of heterogeneity and connectivity of habitats is well studied, but not enough is known about impacts on the water regime of seasonally flowing waters, hydrochemical changes (especially eutrophication), amphibian life cycles, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, parasitocenoses, and coarse woody debris. Methodological difficulties are noted, which are associated with the correct choice of control lakes. Further studies on riverine lakes are crucial. In considerations of climatic changes and anthropogenic impact, beavers may be an additional aid to conserving small lake ecosystems.

这篇综述的目的是分析关于海狸对湖泊的影响的文献，总结它们的影响，描述对生物和非生物成分的后果，并强调未解决的问题和观点。海狸的活动最大程度地改变了植被结构，间接影响了其他生态系统组成部分。流动湖泊的筑坝增加了沿海地区的面积，这影响了无脊椎动物，两栖动物，鸟类和哺乳动物的多样性和丰富性。海狸对水态的改变以及生境的异质性和连通性对底栖动物，鱼类和两栖动物都有重大影响。水化学性质的变化直接影响浮游植物和底栖生物。与河流生态系统不同，在湖泊生态系统中，栖息地从流水变为静水，栖息地的类型通常不改变（从抽水到lentic），但是它们的质量（例如异质性，连通性）是不变的。河流中的海狸活动导致嗜水生物多样性增加，但在湖泊中，海狸活动导致已有的透镜状生态系统得到保护。因此，海狸的影响对湖泊中的嗜水性复合物比对溪流的影响更为重要，尤其是在长时间没有海狸的情况下。在湖泊（尤其是洪泛区）中，挖掘活动比在河流中具有更重要的作用。对海狸异质性和栖息地连通性的改变进行了充分的研究，但对季节性流动的水，水化学变化（特别是富营养化），两栖动物的生命周期，浮游植物和浮游动物群落，副寄生虫和粗糙的木屑对水体的影响知之甚少。 。注意到方法上的困难，这与控制湖的正确选择有关。进一步研究河流湖泊至关重要。考虑到气候变化和人为影响，海狸可能是保护小湖生态系统的额外帮助。