Global attention to the role of cattle production in Amazon deforestation led to the development of new public and private-sector supply chain policies designed to control deforestation in Brazil. These zero-deforestation Cattle Agreements (hereafter, CA) are between meatpacking companies and Greenpeace and other nongovernmental organizations, as well as with Brazil’s public prosecutors. However, after over a decade of concerted efforts to reduce deforestation linked to the cattle sector, the problem persists. Here, we use field surveys of ranchers, slaughterhouse managers, and key industry personnel to characterize cattle supply chain actors in southeastern Pará and their responses to the CA. We show that loopholes weaken the CA and enable ranchers to evade full compliance, and we highlight strategies and challenges for ranchers seeking to intensify production. We conclude by discussing how the findings presented in this study suggest that ongoing efforts to reduce Amazon deforestation may require both support for improved efficiency in the cattle sector and the tightening of several loopholes currently utilized by ranchers to avoid detection of ongoing deforestation.

中文翻译：

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广泛的生产实践和不完整的实施阻碍了巴西在帕拉州的零毁林养牛协议

全球对牲畜生产在亚马逊森林砍伐中的作用的关注导致制定了新的公共和私营部门供应链政策，旨在控制巴西的森林砍伐。这些零森林砍伐牛协议（以下简称 CA）是肉类加工厂与绿色和平组织和其他非政府组织以及巴西检察官之间签订的。然而，经过十多年的共同努力以减少与养牛业相关的森林砍伐，问题仍然存在。在这里，我们使用对牧场主、屠宰场经理和关键行业人员的实地调查来描述帕拉州东南部的牛供应链参与者及其对 CA 的反应。我们表明漏洞削弱了 CA 并使牧场主能够逃避完全合规，我们强调了寻求集约化生产的牧场主的战略和挑战。最后，我们讨论了本研究中提出的结果如何表明，为减少亚马逊森林砍伐而进行的持续努力可能需要支持提高养牛业的效率，以及收紧目前牧场主利用的几个漏洞，以避免检测到正在进行的森林砍伐。