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Major metals demand, supply, and environmental impacts to 2100: A critical review
Resources, Conservation and Recycling ( IF 13.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105107
Takuma Watari , Keisuke Nansai , Kenichi Nakajima

Sustainable metal supply requires well-coordinated strategy and policy packages based on a sound scientific understanding of anticipated long-term demand, supply, and associated environmental implications. Such information, however, is highly fragmented among various case studies. Accordingly, this extensive review explores the projected long-term status of six major metals—iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, and nickel—with around 200 data points for global demand through 2030, 2050 and 2100. Our findings showed that global demand for these major metals is likely to increase continuously over the 21st century, increasing approximately 2–6-fold depending on the metal. Although the extraction and processing required to meet this increase in demand must be environmentally sustainable, the existing extraction and processing scenarios have few explicit linkages to the Earth's carrying capacity. We further found that strategy choices are heavily biased towards end-of-life phase analyses, specifically that of end-of-life recycling. Consequently, a full range of opportunities across entire life cycles is being overlooked, including advances in product design, manufacturing and in-use phases. Importantly, despite the emergence of numerous scenarios, few provide science-based targets for major metal flows, stock, circularity, and efficiency. These knowledge gaps need to be addressed urgently in order to ensure that future research directly supports science-based decision and policy making.



中文翻译:

到2100年的主要金属需求,供应和环境影响:严格审查

可持续的金属供应需要在对预期的长期需求,供应以及相关的环境影响有深刻的科学理解的基础上,制定协调一致的战略和政策计划。但是,此类信息在各种案例研究中高度分散。因此,本篇广泛的综述探讨了六种主要金属(铁,铝,铜,锌,铅和镍)的预计长期状态,并提供了到2030、2050和2100年全球需求的大约200个数据点。在21世纪,对这些主要金属的需求可能会持续增长,视金属而定,大约会增长2至6倍。尽管满足这种需求增长所需的提取和加工必须在环境上可持续,现有的提取和处理方案与地球的承载能力几乎没有明确的联系。我们进一步发现,策略选择在生命周期阶段分析(尤其是生命周期回收)方面存在严重偏见。因此,人们忽略了整个生命周期中的所有机会,包括产品设计,制造和使用阶段的进步。重要的是,尽管出现了许多方案,但很少有人提供针对主要金属流量,存量,圆度和效率的基于科学的目标。这些知识差距需要紧急解决,以确保未来的研究直接支持基于科学的决策和政策制定。特别是报废回收。因此,人们忽略了整个生命周期中的所有机会,包括产品设计,制造和使用阶段的进步。重要的是,尽管出现了许多方案,但很少有人提供针对主要金属流量,存量,圆度和效率的基于科学的目标。这些知识差距需要紧急解决,以确保未来的研究直接支持基于科学的决策和政策制定。特别是报废回收。因此,人们忽略了整个生命周期中的所有机会,包括产品设计,制造和使用阶段的进步。重要的是,尽管出现了许多方案,但很少有人提供针对主要金属流量,存量,圆度和效率的基于科学的目标。这些知识差距需要紧急解决,以确保未来的研究直接支持基于科学的决策和政策制定。和效率。这些知识差距需要紧急解决,以确保未来的研究直接支持基于科学的决策和政策制定。和效率。这些知识差距需要紧急解决,以确保未来的研究直接支持基于科学的决策和政策制定。

更新日期:2020-08-30
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