This narrative review examines associations of delay discounting, response inhibition, sensation-seeking, and urgency with adolescent problem substance use. Each of these processes is linked to adult substance use disorders, is associated with conditions linked to increased risk for adolescent problem substance use, and predicts problem substance use. Notably, all processes are linked to early life adversity (ELA) exposure and most appear to help explain links between ELA exposure and problem substance use. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature indicating ELA interferes with the development of neural circuits crucial to cognitive functioning and emotion regulation. Further, developmental trajectories of these processes generally align with maturational imbalance hypotheses of adolescent risk. Ongoing and pending large longitudinal studies may be essential for better understanding how ELA and other influences shapes these processes and the role of these processes in risk for problem substance use in adolescence and beyond. Finally it is possible that risk-related processes may be useful metrics in the context of implementing and evaluating strategies to prevent problem substance use in adolescence.

这篇叙述性评论检查了延迟折扣、反应抑制、寻求感觉和紧迫感与青少年问题物质使用的关联。这些过程中的每一个都与成人物质使用障碍有关，与青少年问题物质使用风险增加相关的条件相关，并预测问题物质使用。值得注意的是，所有过程都与早期生活逆境 (ELA) 暴露有关，并且大多数过程似乎有助于解释 ELA 暴露与问题物质使用之间的联系。这些发现与越来越多的文献一致，表明 ELA 会干扰对认知功能和情绪调节至关重要的神经回路的发育。此外，这些过程的发展轨迹通常与青少年风险的成熟失衡假设一致。正在进行和未决的大型纵向研究可能对于更好地了解 ELA 和其他影响如何塑造这些过程以及这些过程在青春期及以后的问题物质使用风险中的作用至关重要。最后，在实施和评估预防青少年问题物质使用的策略的背景下，与风险相关的过程可能是有用的指标。