After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, immediate soil and vegetation sampling were conducted according to the action plan of nuclear emergency monitoring; however, analysing the monitoring dataset was difficult because the sampling protocols were not standardised. In this study, the sampling protocols applied just after the FDNPP accident were reviewed, and the monitoring data were analysed. The detailed protocols and results can provide a sound basis for guidelines of soil and vegetation sampling for nuclear emergency monitoring. The activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³¹I in weed samples measured immediately after the FDNPP accident were related to the air dose rate at 1 m. Consequently, vegetation sampling is recommended when the additional dose rate (above background) is higher than 0.1 μSv/h. To enhance the efficiency of a protective response in the case of a nuclear accident, predetermined sampling points for soil and vegetation sampling should be considered in the preparedness plan for nuclear emergencies. Furthermore, sampling and analytical measurement capacities (time, people, cost) during the early phase after nuclear emergencies need to be considered in the preparedness and action plan, and sampling and measurement exercises are highly recommended.

福岛第一核电站事故发生后，根据核应急监测行动计划立即进行了土壤和植被采样；但是，由于没有对采样协议进行标准化，因此难以分析监控数据集。在这项研究中，对FDNPP事故发生后立即应用的采样方案进行了回顾，并对监测数据进行了分析。详细的协议和结果可以为核应急监测的土壤和植被采样准则提供良好的基础。活性浓度¹³⁷ Cs和¹³¹FDNPP事故发生后立即测量的杂草样品中的I与1 m处的空气剂量率有关。因此，当附加剂量率（高于本底）高于0.1μSv/ h时，建议进行植被采样。为了提高发生核事故时的防护响应效率，应在核应急准备计划中考虑土壤和植被采样的预定采样点。此外，在准备和行动计划中需要考虑核紧急情况之后早期阶段的采样和分析测量能力（时间，人员，成本），强烈建议进行采样和测量。