Magnetic mesoporous CoFe2O4@(CaO–ZnO) exhibited good catalytic activity in the transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate to yield glycerol carbonate. The glycerol conversion of 97.7% and glycerol carbonate yield of 96.9% could be obtained in this reaction system under the optimized reaction conditions. CoFe2O4@(CaO–ZnO) was characterized by a series of techniques including TPD, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, VSM and BET to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of the catalyst. It was demonstrated that the interaction of acid–base sites improved the catalysis performance of CoFe2O4@(CaO–ZnO): the strong basic sites were beneficial to the activation of glycerol to glyceroxide anion which could increase glycerol conversion, and the acid site contributes to the carbonyl activation of dimethyl carbonate, converts glyceroxide anion to glycerol carbonate, and improves the selectivity of glycerol carbonate. Meanwhile, the solid–liquid separation process after reaction would be simplified significantly considering CoFe2O4@(CaO–ZnO) could be easily separated from the reaction mixture under magnetic action. Acidic–basic bifunctional magnetic mesoporous CoFe2O4@(CaO–ZnO) was used as a solid base catalyst for the glycerol transesterification. Basic sites were beneficial to the activation of glycerol to glycerol oxygen anion to increase glycerol conversion and acidic sites were beneficial to carbonyl activation of DMC to increase glycerol carbonate selectivity. With magnetism, the solid base catalyst was easily recovered.

中文翻译：

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用于合成甘油碳酸酯的酸性-碱性双功能磁性介孔 CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)

磁性介孔CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)在甘油和碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应生成碳酸甘油酯中表现出良好的催化活性。在优化的反应条件下，该反应体系的甘油转化率为97.7%，碳酸甘油收率为96.9%。CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)通过一系列技术表征，包括TPD、XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS、VSM和BET，以评估催化剂的理化性质。结果表明，酸碱位点的相互作用提高了 CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO) 的催化性能：强碱位点有利于甘油活化为甘油氧化物阴离子，从而增加甘油转化率，酸位点有助于碳酸二甲酯的羰基活化，将甘油氧阴离子转化为碳酸甘油，提高碳酸甘油的选择性。同时，考虑到CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)在磁作用下很容易从反应混合物中分离，反应后的固液分离过程将显着简化。酸性-碱性双功能磁性介孔CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)用作甘油酯交换的固体碱催化剂。碱性位点有利于甘油活化为甘油氧阴离子以增加甘油转化率，酸性位点有利于DMC的羰基活化以增加甘油碳酸酯的选择性。有了磁性，固体碱催化剂很容易回收。考虑到CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)在磁作用下可以很容易地从反应混合物中分离出来，反应后的固液分离过程将显着简化。酸性-碱性双功能磁性介孔CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)用作甘油酯交换的固体碱催化剂。碱性位点有利于甘油活化为甘油氧阴离子以增加甘油转化率，酸性位点有利于DMC的羰基活化以增加甘油碳酸酯的选择性。有了磁性，固体碱催化剂很容易回收。考虑到CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)在磁作用下可以很容易地从反应混合物中分离出来，反应后的固液分离过程将显着简化。酸性-碱性双功能磁性介孔CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)用作甘油酯交换的固体碱催化剂。碱性位点有利于甘油活化为甘油氧阴离子以增加甘油转化率，酸性位点有利于DMC的羰基活化以增加甘油碳酸酯的选择性。有了磁性，固体碱催化剂很容易回收。酸性-碱性双功能磁性介孔CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)用作甘油酯交换的固体碱催化剂。碱性位点有利于甘油活化为甘油氧阴离子以增加甘油转化率，酸性位点有利于DMC的羰基活化以增加甘油碳酸酯的选择性。有了磁性，固体碱催化剂很容易回收。酸性-碱性双功能磁性介孔CoFe2O4@(CaO-ZnO)用作甘油酯交换的固体碱催化剂。碱性位点有利于甘油活化为甘油氧阴离子以增加甘油转化率，酸性位点有利于DMC的羰基活化以增加甘油碳酸酯的选择性。有了磁性，固体碱催化剂很容易回收。