This study aims to improve the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide thin films by simultaneously doping with a higher oxidation state transition element and another element with localized plasmon resonance. To achieve this hypothesis, tungsten (W) and copper (Cu) were added to ZnO and the effects of W + Cu co-doping on the photocatalytic activity have been investigated. In addition, the influence of W + Cu co-doping on the structural, optical and surface morphological properties of ZnO has been studied and the obtained results have been correlated with the enhancement in the photocatalytic activity. The concentration of W was kept as 3 wt% and that of Cu was varied as 1, 3 and 5 wt%. The films were deposited on stainless steel mesh substrates. Antibacterial activity test was carried out for all the prepared film samples. The co-doped film with W + Cu doping concentrations 3 + 3 wt% exhibits superior photocatalytic and antibacterial activities when compared with other samples. The reasons and the mechanism behind this enhancement in the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities have been addressed in this paper.

中文翻译：

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ZnO同时掺杂高离子态金属和表面等离子体共振诱导元素：改善光催化染料降解的有效方法

本研究旨在通过同时掺杂更高氧化态的过渡元素和另一种具有局域等离子体共振的元素来提高氧化锌薄膜的光催化活性。为了实现这一假设，将钨 (W) 和铜 (Cu) 添加到 ZnO 中，并研究了 W + Cu 共掺杂对光催化活性的影响。此外，还研究了 W+Cu 共掺杂对 ZnO 的结构、光学和表面形貌特性的影响，所得结果与光催化活性的增强相关。W 的浓度保持为 3 wt%，Cu 的浓度为 1、3 和 5 wt%。薄膜沉积在不锈钢网基材上。对所有制备的薄膜样品进行抗菌活性测试。与其他样品相比，W + Cu 掺杂浓度为 3 + 3 wt% 的共掺杂薄膜表现出优异的光催化和抗菌活性。本文已经讨论了这种光催化和抗菌活性增强背后的原因和机制。