Wireless Sensor Networks are very convenient to monitor structures or even materials, as in McBIM project (Materials communicating with the Building Information Modeling). This project aims to develop the concept of “communicating concretes,” which are concrete elements embedding wireless sensor networks, for applications dedicated to Structure Health Monitoring in the construction industry. Due to applicative constraints, the topology of the wireless sensor network follows a chain-based structure. Node batteries cannot be replaced or easily recharged, it is crucial to evaluate the energy consumed by each node during the monitoring process. This area has been extensively studied leading to different energy models to evaluate energy consumption for chain-based structures. However, no simple, practical, and analytical network energy models have yet been proposed. Energy evaluation models of periodic data collection for chain-based structures are proposed. These models are compared and evaluated with an Arduino XBee–based platform. Experimental results show the mean prediction error of our models is 5%. Realizing aggregation at nodes significantly reduces energy consumption and avoids hot-spot problem with homogeneous consumptions along the chain. Models give an approximate lifetime of the wireless sensor network and communicating concretes services. They can also be used online by nodes for a self-assessment of their energy consumptions.

中文翻译：

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应用于混凝土通信的节能链式数据采集

无线传感器网络非常方便地监控结构甚至材料，如 McBIM 项目（与建筑信息模型通信的材料）。该项目旨在开发“通信混凝土”的概念，它是嵌入无线传感器网络的混凝土元件，用于建筑行业的结构健康监测应用。由于应用限制，无线传感器网络的拓扑遵循基于链的结构。节点电池不能更换或容易充电，在监控过程中评估每个节点消耗的能量至关重要。这个领域已经被广泛研究，导致了不同的能量模型来评估基于链的结构的能量消耗。然而，没有简单、实用、和分析网络能量模型尚未提出。提出了链式结构周期性数据采集的能量评价模型。这些模型与基于 Arduino XBee 的平台进行比较和评估。实验结果表明，我们模型的平均预测误差为 5%。在节点上实现聚合显着降低了能源消耗，并避免了沿链同质消耗的热点问题。模型给出了无线传感器网络和通信混凝土服务的大致寿命。它们也可以由节点在线使用，以对其能源消耗进行自我评估。实验结果表明，我们模型的平均预测误差为 5%。在节点上实现聚合显着降低了能源消耗，并避免了沿链同质消耗的热点问题。模型给出了无线传感器网络和通信混凝土服务的大致寿命。它们也可以由节点在线使用，以对其能源消耗进行自我评估。实验结果表明，我们模型的平均预测误差为 5%。在节点上实现聚合显着降低了能源消耗，并避免了沿链同质消耗的热点问题。模型给出了无线传感器网络和通信混凝土服务的大致寿命。它们也可以由节点在线使用，以对其能源消耗进行自我评估。