Parasites impose strong selection on their hosts, but the level of any evolved resistance may be constrained by the availability of resources. However, studies identifying the genomic basis of such resource‐mediated selection are rare, particularly in nonmodel organisms. Here, we investigated the role of nutrition in the evolution of resistance to a DNA virus (PiGV), and any associated trade‐offs in a lepidopteran pest species (Plodia interpunctella). Through selection experiments and whole‐genome resequencing, we identify genetic markers of resistance that vary between the nutritional environments during selection. We do not find consistent evolution of resistance in the presence of virus but rather see substantial variation among replicate populations. Resistance in a low‐nutrition environment is negatively correlated with growth rate, consistent with an established trade‐off between immunity and development, but this relationship is highly context dependent. Whole‐genome resequencing of the host shows that resistance mechanisms are likely to be highly polygenic and although the underlying genetic architecture may differ between high and low‐nutrition environments, similar mechanisms are commonly used. As a whole, our results emphasize the importance of the resource environment on influencing the evolution of resistance.

中文翻译：

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资源质量决定了抗药性的进化及其遗传基础。

寄生虫在其宿主上施加强烈的选择，但任何进化出的抗性水平可能受到资源可用性的限制。但是，很少有研究确定这种资源介导的选择的基因组基础，特别是在非模型生物中。在这里，我们研究了营养在对DNA病毒（PiGV）的抗性进化中的作用，以及鳞翅目害虫物种（Plodia interpunctella）中的任何相关权衡）。通过选择实验和全基因组重测序，我们确定了选择过程中营养环境之间差异的抗性遗传标记。我们没有发现在病毒存在下耐药性的持续进化，而是看到了复制种群之间的实质性差异。低营养环境中的抵抗力与增长率呈负相关，这与免疫力和发展之间的既定权衡相一致，但是这种关系在很大程度上取决于环境。宿主的全基因组重测序表明，抗药性机制可能是高度多基因的，尽管在高营养和低营养环境之间潜在的遗传结构可能有所不同，但通常使用类似的机制。整体而言