Camelina and chia oils are among the vegetable oils (VOs) with high content of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and a combination of antioxidants, giving them nutritional advantage over other VOs used in aquafeeds. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary substitution of fish oil with oils from camelina or chia on the growth performance, fatty acid (FA) composition, gene expression and blood haematology in gilthead sea bream after a 90‐day feeding trial. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated in which fish oil was 100% (camelina oil, CSO diet; and chia oil, CO diet) or 60% (MIX1 and MIX2 diets containing camelina and chia oils, respectively) replaced with camelina or chia oils. Growth performance and FA profiles of fish were significantly affected by the dietary treatments (p < .05). Contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) decreased, whereas n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐3/n‐6 ratio increased in fish fed diets containing oils from camelina or chia. An up‐regulation in the expression of genes involved in PUFA metabolism and the subsequent in vivo bioconversion of precursor FAs into highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA, C ≥ 20 and n ≥ 3) were recorded in fish fed VO‐based diets. Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin and haematocrit did not differ among fish fed the experimental diets. Our overall results suggested that replacement of fish oil with camelina or chia oil did not adversely affect growth performance in gilthead sea bream, except for those fed CSO diet. Our results also demonstrate that fatty acid profile of fish can be modified by the dietary inclusion level of camelina or chia oils.

中文翻译：

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在金头鲷（Sparus aurata，L。）日粮中用鱼油或山茶油代替鱼油：对生长性能，脂肪酸组成，血液学和基因表达的影响

山茶油和奇亚油属于植物油（VOs）中，其中植物油（α-亚麻酸（ALA）含量高）和抗氧化剂的组合，使它们比水产饲料中使用的其他VOs具有营养优势。本研究评估了在90天的喂养试验后，日粮中用鱼油或山茶中的鱼油替代鱼油对sea鱼的生长性能，脂肪酸（FA）组成，基因表达和血液血液学的影响。配制了五种等蛋白和等脂日粮，其中鱼油100％（山茶油，CSO日粮和正大油，CO日粮）或60％（分别包含山茶油和正大油的MIX1和MIX2日粮）被山茶油或正大油替代。饮食处理对鱼的生长性能和脂肪酸含量的影响显着（p <.05）。含有山茶油或豆油的鱼饲料日粮中二十碳五烯酸（EPA），二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（ARA）的含量降低，而n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）和n - 3 / n - 6比例增加。嘉。PUFA代谢相关基因的表达上调以及随后的前体FAs体内生物转化为高度不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA，C≥20和n ≥3）被记录在以VO为基础的饲料中。在喂食实验饮食的鱼中，红细胞（RBC），白细胞（WBC），血红蛋白和血细胞比容没有差异。我们的总体结果表明，用饲喂CSO日粮的人用鱼油或奇亚油代替鱼油不会对金头鲷的生长性能产生不利影响。我们的研究结果还表明，鱼的脂肪酸成分可以通过山茶花或奇亚油的膳食摄入水平来改变。