The tectonic events and Quaternary climatic oscillations in the Shaluli Mountains (the margin of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau) had an extensive effect on the genetic structure and distribution patterns of this region's terrestrial fauna and flora. It is not yet clear whether similar mechanisms influence this region's fish fauna. Schizopygopsis malacanthus is limited to high-elevation rivers and lakes, and exhibits distinct adaptations to the mountains of, and near to, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Therefore, this species is a good candidate for investigating patterns of genetic variation resulting from palaeoenvironmental fluctuations in the Shaluli Mountains (China). Here, we used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA control region sequences to analyze six populations of S. malacanthus collected from the Jinsha and Yalong River drainages. Genealogical analyses identified four maternal lineages and perhaps even four putative species, of which the Ouqu River lineage played a pivotal role during the course of the species' evolution. Two lineages from the Yalong River drainage did not cluster together, whereas those from different drainages grouped together, suggesting tectonic event impacts that possibly altered regional river drainages have been highly influential in population connectivity and gene flow. Population genetic analysis indicated that the geographic barriers and this species preference for higher elevations both played key roles in the divergence of S. malacanthus populations. Demographic tests suggested large-scale spatial synchrony in population fluctuations of S. malacanthus, accompanying dramatic Pleistocene climatic oscillations. It appears that palaeoenvironmental changes in the Shaluli Mountains influenced the distribution and evolution of studied S. malacanthus populations, which provide important information about the factors that influenced the phylogeographic history of this region's fish fauna. Additionally, our study also has implications for ongoing conservation of this vulnerable fish.

中文翻译：

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Schizopygopsis malacanthus Herzenstein (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) 的系统地理学与沙鲁里山区构造事件和第四纪气候振荡的关系

沙鲁里山脉（青藏高原东南缘）的构造事件和第四纪气候振荡对该地区陆生动植物群的成因结构和分布格局产生了广泛的影响。目前尚不清楚类似的机制是否会影响该地区的鱼类群。Schizopygopsis malacanthus 仅限于高海拔河流和湖泊，对青藏高原（QTP）及其附近的山区表现出明显的适应性。因此，该物种是研究沙鲁里山脉古环境波动导致的遗传变异模式的良好候选者。在这里，我们使用微卫星和线粒体 DNA 控制区序列来分析 6 个金黄色葡萄球菌种群。从金沙江和雅砻江流域采集的马棘花。家谱分析确定了四个母系谱系，甚至可能有四个假定的物种，其中乌曲河谱系在物种进化过程中发挥了关键作用。来自雅砻江流域的两个谱系没有聚集在一起，而来自不同流域的那些谱系聚集在一起，这表明可能改变区域河流流域的构造事件影响对种群连通性和基因流动有很大影响。种群遗传分析表明，地理障碍和该物种对高海拔的偏好都在 S. malacanthus 种群的分化中发挥了关键作用。人口统计学测试表明 S. malacanthus 种群波动的大规模空间同步，伴随着戏剧性的更新世气候波动。沙鲁里山脉的古环境变化似乎影响了所研究的 S. malacanthus 种群的分布和进化，这为影响该地区鱼类群落系统地理历史的因素提供了重要信息。此外，我们的研究也对这种脆弱鱼类的持续保护产生了影响。