Abstract In engineering applications, narrow backfills are often squeezed by retaining walls. Insufficient information is available with respect to the passive earth pressure, whereas the active earth pressure of narrow backfills against retaining walls has been considerably investigated. In this study, the passive failure mechanism of a narrow cohesionless backfill under translation mode has been investigated via a finite element lower-bound limit analysis, considering the effect of backfill geometries and external friction on the failure mechanism. Multiple-slip surfaces could be observed in a narrow backfill in the passive limit state. Further, we summarized the number of slip surfaces under various conditions and proposed a fitting function for the inclined angles of the slip surfaces. In addition, a multiple-slip surface calculation mode was developed. Subsequently, a method was derived for calculating the passive earth pressure of a narrow cohesionless backfill using the differential slice element method, the wedge limit equilibrium, and the finite difference method. Parametric studies explored the effects of the backfill geometries and internal and external frictions on the passive earth pressure. The results demonstrated an increase in the passive earth pressure and the number of slip surfaces when the backfill space decreased, in which the passive earth pressure was nonlinearly distributed.

中文翻译：

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平移模式下窄无粘性回填土对倾斜刚性挡土墙的被动土压力

摘要 在工程应用中，狭窄的回填土经常被挡土墙挤压。关于被动土压力的信息不足，而对挡土墙狭窄回填土的主动土压力进行了大量研究。在这项研究中，考虑到回填几何形状和外部摩擦对破坏机制的影响，通过有限元下限分析研究了平移模式下窄无内聚回填的被动破坏机制。在被动极限状态的狭窄回填中可以观察到多重滑动表面。此外，我们总结了各种条件下滑面的数量，并提出了滑面倾斜角的拟合函数。此外，开发了一种多滑移面计算模式。随后，推导出了利用微分切片元法、楔形极限平衡法和有限差分法计算狭窄无粘性回填土被动土压力的方法。参数研究探讨了回填几何形状和内部和外部摩擦对被动土压力的影响。结果表明，当回填空间减小时，被动土压力和滑面数量增加，其中被动土压力呈非线性分布。参数研究探讨了回填几何形状和内部和外部摩擦对被动土压力的影响。结果表明，当回填空间减小时，被动土压力和滑面数量增加，其中被动土压力呈非线性分布。参数研究探讨了回填几何形状和内部和外部摩擦对被动土压力的影响。结果表明，当回填空间减小时，被动土压力和滑面数量增加，其中被动土压力呈非线性分布。