Global Environmental Change ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102131 Katharina Waha , Jan Philipp Dietrich , Felix T. Portmann , Stefan Siebert , Philip K. Thornton , Alberte Bondeau , Mario Herrero
Multiple cropping, defined as harvesting more than once a year, is a widespread land management strategy in tropical and subtropical agriculture. It is a way of intensifying agricultural production and diversifying the crop mix for economic and environmental benefits. Here we present the first global gridded data set of multiple cropping systems and quantify the physical area of more than 200 systems, the global multiple cropping area and the potential for increasing cropping intensity. We use national and sub-national data on monthly crop-specific growing areas around the year 2000 (1998–2002) for 26 crop groups, global cropland extent and crop harvested areas to identify sequential cropping systems of two or three crops with non-overlapping growing seasons. We find multiple cropping systems on 135 million hectares (12% of global cropland) with 85 million hectares in irrigated agriculture. 34%, 13% and 10% of the rice, wheat and maize area, respectively are under multiple cropping, demonstrating the importance of such cropping systems for cereal production. Harvesting currently single cropped areas a second time could increase global harvested areas by 87–395 million hectares, which is about 45% lower than previous estimates. Some scenarios of intensification indicate that it could be enough land to avoid expanding physical cropland into other land uses but attainable intensification will depend on the local context and the crop yields attainable in the second cycle and its related environmental costs.
中文翻译:
世界上的多种种植系统以及增加种植强度的潜力
在热带和亚热带农业中,多次种植被定义为每年收获一次以上,是一种广泛的土地管理策略。这是一种集约化农业生产和多样化作物结构以实现经济和环境效益的方式。在这里,我们展示了多个种植系统的第一个全球网格数据集,并量化了200多个系统的物理区域,全球多个种植区域以及增加种植强度的潜力。我们使用关于2000年(1998-2002年)附近26个作物类别,全球耕地范围和作物收割面积的特定作物月种植面积的国家和地方数据,来确定两种或三种不重叠的作物的顺序种植系统生长季节。我们在1.35亿公顷(占全球耕地的12%)上发现多种种植系统,其中8500万公顷用于灌溉农业。水稻,小麦和玉米面积分别占水稻,小麦和玉米面积的34%,13%和10%,这表明这种作物制度对谷物生产的重要性。第二次收割当前单季作物面积可能使全球收割面积增加87-395百万公顷,比先前的估计低约45%。一些集约化方案表明,可能有足够的土地来避免将有形的耕地扩展到其他土地用途,但能否实现集约化则取决于当地情况和第二个周期可获得的作物产量及其相关的环境成本。分别进行了多次种植,证明了这种种植系统对谷物生产的重要性。第二次收割当前单季作物面积可能使全球收割面积增加87-395百万公顷,比先前的估计低约45%。一些集约化方案表明,可能有足够的土地来避免将有形的耕地扩展到其他土地用途,但能否实现集约化则取决于当地情况和第二个周期可获得的作物产量及其相关的环境成本。分别进行了多次种植,证明了这种种植系统对谷物生产的重要性。第二次收割当前单季作物面积可能使全球收割面积增加87-395百万公顷,比先前的估计低约45%。一些集约化方案表明,可能有足够的土地来避免将有形的耕地扩展到其他土地用途,但能否实现集约化则取决于当地情况和第二个周期可获得的作物产量及其相关的环境成本。